Lab 7 Muscular System Axial Muscles

Anatomy & Physiology 1 Lab Lab 7: Muscular System: Axial Muscles Objectives for this Lab: 1. Differentiate between axial muscles and appendicular muscles. 2. Identify on classroom models and pictures the muscles of facial expression and mastication that are listed in the lab exercises. 3. Identify on classroom models and pictures the muscles that move the head and neck. 4. Identify on classroom models and pictures the muscles of the vertebral column that are listed in the lab exercises. 5. Identify on pictures the muscles of respiration. 6. Identify on classroom models and pictures the abdominal muscles. 7. Demonstrate the actions of the muscles listed in the Part II chart. 8. Describe the attachments of the muscles listed in the Part II chart and relate this to the actions they create. Overview: There are three types of muscle tissue that exist in the body: skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle. In general, muscle tissue functions to move parts of the body or move various substances throughout the body. There are over 700 named skeletal muscles in the body that function to move parts of the body, maintain posture, support and protect structures and generate heat. We will be spending the next two labs identifying various muscles of the human body and discussing how closely they interact with the Skeletal System. During the first week you will be learning the muscles of the Axial Skeleton that are listed in the lab exercises of this chapter. Next week will be spent identifying the muscles of the Appendicular Skeleton that are listed in the lab exercises of Chapter 8. You will need to use Chapter 11 from your textbook in order to label the muscles in your lab manual. You will be able to access the ebook on the IPads during lab. Upon completing the laboratory, you should be able to: 1) Identify all of the required muscles from Part I on the muscle models and provided pictures. 2) Identify the origins, insertions and actions of selected muscles from Part II. 3) Demonstrate the action of the selected muscles from Part II. 113 Anatomy & Physiology 1 Lab Part 1: Muscle Identification Lab Exercises: For each exercise, label the listed muscles and locate them on the muscle models and pictures in the lab. For the muscles that are underlined, you will need to know their origins, insertions and actions listed in Part 2. Exe Exerci rci rcisse 7. 7.1 1: Muscl scles es of Fac Facial ial Exp Expre re ressio ssio ssion n (us use e FFiig. 11 11.5 .5 in tex ext) t) • Buccinator • Orbicularis oculi • Orbicularis oris • Platysma (Not shown) orbicularis oculi -58 orbicularis oris -62 buccinator -64 114 Anatomy & Physiology 1 Lab Exe Exerci rci rcisse 7. 7.2 2: Muscl scles es of Ma Mastic stic sticat at atio io ion n (use Fi Figg. 111.5 1.5 an and d 11. 11.8 8 iin n text text)) • Masseter • Temporalis Masseter-65 temporalis- 53 115 Anatomy & Physiology 1 Lab Exe Exerci rci rcisse 7. 7.3 3: Muscl scles es tha hatt m mov ov ove e tthe he he head ad an and d nec neckk ((us us use e FFiig. 11 11.12 .12 in text) • Scalenes • Sternocleidomastoid sternocleidomastoid -81 scalenes (82,83,84) 116 Anatomy & Physiology 1 Lab Exe Exerci rci rcisse 7. 7.4 4: Muscl scles es of the V Ve ert rteb eb ebral ral C Colu olu olumn mn mn:: Fi Figu gu gurre 12 12.6 .6 (us (use e Fi Fig. g. 11 11.1 .1 .14 4 in ttext ext ext)) • Erector Spinae group o Iliocostalis o Longissimus o Spinalis spinalis - Longissimus -17 117 Iliocostalis -15 Anatomy & Physiology 1 Lab Exe Exerci rci rcisse 7. 7.5 5: Muscl scles es of Respir spiratio atio ation: n: (u (use se Fi Figg. 111.1 1.1 1.15 5 in ttext ext ext)) • • External Intercostals • Internal Intercostals (internal) intercostals-26 (external) intercostals -25 diaphragm-32 118 Anatomy & Physiology 1 Lab Exe Exerci rci rcisse 7. 7.6 6: Musc usclles o off the Abd Abdo ominal W Wall all all:: ((us us use e Fi Fig. g. 11. 11.16 16 in tex ext) t) • Rectus Abdominis • Transverse Abdominis • External Obliques • Internal Obliques external oblique-77 rectus abdominis -80 internal obliques -76 119 Anatomy & Physiology 1 Lab transverse abdominis -84 120 Anatomy & Physiology 1 Lab Part 2: Muscle Origins, Insertions and Actions Fill in the actions of the axial muscles listed in the chart below and then demonstrate them within your group. MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION Masseter zygomatic arch coronoid process of the mandible elevates and protracts mandible Sternocleidomastoid manubrium and sternal end of the clavicle mastoid process Bilateral contraction: flexes the neck Unilateral contraction: lateral flexion to its own side and rotation of head and neck to the opposite side Diaphragm xiphoid process; lower 6 costal cartilages; lumbar vertebrae 1-3 central tendon draws down from central tendon, increases volume of thoracic cavity during inhalation Rectus Abdominis superior pubis and xiphoid process; pubic symphysis inferior surface of ribs 5-7 flex lumbar vertebral column and compresses abdomen External Obliques inferior border of ribs 5-12 linea alba and anterior iliac crest bilateral: flexes the vertebral column; unilateral: lateral flexion and rotation Internal Obliques lumbar fascia; inguinal ligament; iliac crest linea alba; pubic crest; costal cartilages 8-10 Unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral column; rotate vertebral column to the same side Bilaterally: flex the vertebral column;compress abdominal contents 121