Lab 1 Body Plan and Homeostasis

Anatomy & Physiology 1 Lab Lab 1: Body Plan and Homeostasis Objectives for this Lab: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Demonstrate correct anatomical position. Use directional terms to compare different regions of the body. Determine what plane or section is used to divide various parts of the body. Relate regional terms to specific parts of the body. List the eleven organ systems in the body and their primary organs. Name the major organs that reside within each of the body cavities. Locate the major organs found in the abdominopelvic cavity. Label the four quadrants and nine topographic regions of the abdominopelvic cavity and determine which organs are found in each. 9. Define homeostasis and the components of a feedback loop. 10. Differentiate between positive and negative feedback loops and apply this to specific situations in the body. Overview: In order to maintain consistency between all health-care professionals, it is necessary to use terminology that is the same for everyone. In this lab, we will be applying the terminology that was discussed in lecture, to models and real-life situations. Homeostasis is the ability for the body to maintain a state of equilibrium or stability within its own internal environment. This is a dynamic process that requires constant adjustments from the body’s regulatory processes. Although all of the body’s organ systems contribute to this maintenance of homeostasis, the Nervous and Endocrine Systems directly regulate it. The body is able to monitor, evaluate and change various conditions through feedback systems. Most of the body’s processes are maintained by negative feedback systems. We will be discussing specific conditions and how feedback systems maintain homeostasis in the body. At the conclusion of this lab, we will consider how various healthcare professions may use this terminology and homeostatic information in the clinical setting. 4 Anatomy & Physiology 1 Lab Pre Pre-La -La -Lab bQ Que ue uestio stio stions ns ns:: 1. Describe what Anatomic Position is: ________________________________________________________________________ 2. A _______________ plane separates the body into superior and inferior portions. 3. A _______________ plane would separate the right kidney form the left kidney. 4. Using Directional Terms, relate the following body parts to one another: a. The head is ____________________ to the shoulders. b. The knees are _____________________ to the hips. c. The ears are _____________________ to the nose. 5. Match the following anatomical terms with their common name: _______ cervical A. low back _______ brachial B. thigh _______ femoral C. eye _______ lumbar D. neck _______ orbital E. arm 6. The Dorsal Cavity is divided into ______________ and _______________ cavities. 7. List 4 organs that are found in the Abdominal Cavity: ________________________________________________________________________ 8. Match the following organs with their correct Organ System: ________ heart A. Nervous System ________ stomach B. Digestive System ________ kidneys C. Respiratory System ________ brain D. Urinary System ________ lungs E. Cardiovascular System 9. Which two Organ Systems directly regulate homeostasis: _____________________________ 10. A _______________ feedback system negates or reverses the original condition or stimulus. 11. In a positive feedback system, if blood pressure is increasing, will it continue to increase or will it decrease? ____________________________ 5 Anatomy & Physiology 1 Lab Lab Exercises: Exe Exerci rci rcisse 1. 1.1 1: Direc irectio tio tiona na nall TTe erm rmss Using the torso models in the lab, label the following Directional Terms on the images below: A. Superior B. Inferior C. Medial D. Lateral E. Proximal F. Distal G. Anterior H. Posterior 6 Anatomy & Physiology 1 Lab 7 Anatomy & Physiology 1 Lab 8 Anatomy & Physiology 1 Lab Exe Exerci rci rcisse 1. 1.2 2: Plan lanes es of th the eB Bod od odyy Using the torso models in the lab, label the following image with the correct Planes or Sections: A. Sagittal Section B. Frontal/Coronal Section C. Transverse Section D. Oblique Section Modified/ © Osteomyoamare 1 2 3/ Wikimedia Commons / CC-BY-3.0 9 Anatomy & Physiology 1 Lab 10 Anatomy & Physiology 1 Lab Exe Exerci rci rcise se 11.3: .3: Bo Body dy C Caavitie vitiess While observing the torso models in the lab, label the following cavities and their sub-cavities on the image below: A. Dorsal Cavity B. Ventral Cavity C. Cranial Cavity D. Thoracic E. Pelvic Cavity F. Vertebral Cavity G. Abdominal Cavity H. Pleural Cavity I. Pericardial Cavity J. Abdominopelvic 11 Anatomy & Physiology 1 Lab Modified/ © Connexions/ Openstax/ CC-BY-4.0 12 Anatomy & Physiology 1 Lab Exe Exerci rci rcisse 1. 1.4 4: Regio egiona na nall TTerm erm ermss Label the following anatomical terms on the image below: A. Cervical B. Lumbar C. Buccal D. Axillary E. Brachial F. Orbital G. Thoracic H. Pelvic I. Femoral 13 J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. Palmar Plantar Cephalic Vertebral Gluteal Digital Sacral Inguinal Olecranal Anatomy & Physiology 1 Lab 14 Anatomy & Physiology 1 Lab Exe Exerci rci rcisse 1. 1.5 5: To Topo po pogra gra graphi phic Reg Region ion ionss o off the Ab Abdo do domi mi minop nop nopelv elv elviic C Cav av avity ity Label the 4 Quadrants and then the 9 topographic regions of the abdominopelvic cavity on the images following: 15 Anatomy & Physiology 1 Lab 16 Anatomy & Physiology 1 Lab Exe Exerci rci rcisse 1. 1.6 6: Organ Ide dentif ntif ntifica ica ication tion Locate the following organs on the torso models in the lab and label them on the picture below: A. Lungs H. Large intestines: B. Heart - Cecum C. Liver - Transverse colon D. Pancreas - Ascending colon E. Stomach - Descending colon F. Gallbladder - Sigmoid colon G. Small intestines 17 Anatomy & Physiology 1 Lab 18 Anatomy & Physiology 1 Lab 19 Anatomy & Physiology 1 Lab Exe Exerci rci rcisse 1. 1.7 7: Hom omeos eos eostas tas tasiis aand nd Fe Feed ed edbac bac backk Loo oops ps Label the different components of a feedback system: 20 Anatomy & Physiology 1 Lab Exe Exerci rci rcisse 1. 1.8 8: Nega egativ tive aand nd PPo osit sitiv iv ive e Fe Feedb edb edbaack Mec echan han hanism ism ismss For the following conditions, explain how the body would respond using a negative feedback system. List the stimulus (which you have been given), receptor, control center, effector and response for each. Use a flow chart to represent this process. A. Body Condition: Thermoregulation Stimulus: increase in body temperature B. Body Condition: Blood Pressure Stimulus: increase in blood pressure C. Body Condition: Blood Oxygen Levels Stimulus: drop in blood oxygen levels D. Body Condition: Blood Glucose Levels Stimulus: an increase in blood glucose levels 21 Anatomy & Physiology 1 Lab Pos Post-L t-L t-Laab Quest estion ion ions: s: 1. Why is it important that healthcare professionals are familiar with anatomic position? 2. Why would it be relevant for an ER Doctor to know the names of the 4 quadrants or 9 topographic regions of the abdominopelvic cavity? 3. Name a health care professional that would use directional terms on a regular basis and how they would use them? (there could be multiple answers for this) 4. If a patient presents to the hospital complaining of pain in their lower right quadrant, what organ(s) could be involved? 5. Explain what would happen if you touched a hot stove? Include all of the components of a feedback loop. 6. Why do we consider negative feedback the “normal” feedback system in the body? 7. Name some medical conditions where homeostasis has become “imbalanced”. How would each be treated? 22