University:
Seattle University
Course:
BIOL-2210 | Anatomy and Physiology II
Academic year:

2020
Views:

413

Pages:

4
Author:

Maverick Martin

Pericardium & Heart 2 Pericardium Layers: 1) Outer fibrous 2) Inner serous: formed of:  Parietal layer: lining the fibrous pericardium  Visceral layer:: covering the heart  Pericardial space: between visceral & parietal layers Parts:  Apex: surrounds the great vessels  Base: attached to central tendon of diaphragm  Surfaces:  Anterior: attached to sternum by upper & lower sterno-pericardial ligaments  Posterior: related to oblique sinus, esophagus, aorta, middle 4 thoracic vertebrae  Lateral: related to the phrenic nerve & pericardiophrenic vessels N.B: Bare area of heart: area not covered by lung or pleura It lies opposite 4th &5th ICS. It is the site for pericardio-centsis Nerve supply:  Fibrous & Parietal pericardium: painful by phrenic nerves (C3, 4, 5), so pericarditis is referred to shoulder  Visceral pericardium: painless "it receives autonomic nerve supply" Arterial supply:  Fibrous & Parietal Pericardium: supplied by pericardiophrenic, musculophrenic & Descending aorta  Visceral Pericardium: supplied by coronary arteries 3 Pericardial sinuses: 1) Oblique sinus :  Pericardial recess behind left atrium  Related to esophagus & descending aorta  It is bounded:  Anteriorly by left atrium  Posteriorly by esophagus, descending aorta  Superiorly: reflection of visceral pericardium to become parietal  Inferiorly by opening in pericardium  On the left side by 2 Left pulmonary veins  On the right side by 2 Right pulmonary veins 2) Transverse sinus:  Transverse passage connect right & left sides of the pericardial cavity  Formed by degeneration of mesoderm between heart tube & esophagus  It is bounded:  Anteriorly by ascending aorta &pulmonary trunk  Posteriorly by superior vena cava  Inferiorly by both atria mainly the left  Superiorly by right pulmonary artery N.B: the left atrium separates the transverse from the oblique sinuses. 4 Heart External features     Site: In middle mediastinum Size: closed fist Shape: Conical with the axis directed downward, forward & to the left Parts: o Apex: Formed by Left ventricle Direction Downward, forward & to Left Surface anatomy: left 5th intercostal space, 3.5 inches (9 cm) from middle line “at midclavicular line” o Base Formed by Both atria (mainly Left) Relation: Oblique sinus, descending aorta, Esophagus, middle 4 thoracic vertebrae o Surfaces:  Anterior surface (Sterno-costal): Formed by: all chambers (mainly Right ventricle) Relation: Sternum, 3-6 Costal cartilages & Sternocostalis muscle  Lateral surfaces Formed by:  Right surface formed by Right Atrium  Left surface formed by Left auricle & ventricle Relation: Phrenic nerve & Pericardio-phrenic vessels 5

Description

Related Documents

Almost There!

Free up your schedule!

Take 5 seconds to unlock