Political Psychology - Final Exam Quiz

Alternatives to nursing homes include all the following except: A) Home health care. B Gerontologists. C) Preventive medicine clinics. D) elder-care centers _________ is a mood disorder in which the individual is deeply unhappy, demoralized, and often bored. A) Alzheimer disease B) Dementia C) Major depression D) Parkinson disease The average life expectancy for a person born today in the United States is __________ years. A) 78 B) 83 C) 68 D) 55 Which of the following is a common physical change in late adulthood? A) height loss B) increased sensitivity to pain C) mildly diminished hearing D) extremely diminished sense of taste and smell Which of the following statements regarding the nature of cognitive change in adulthood is true? A) Most dimensions of cognition decline in late adulthood. B) Most dimensions of cognition remain stable or improve in late adulthood. C) Cognition is unidimensional. Thus, cognitive change tends to be "all or nothing." D) Some dimensions of cognition decline, while others remain stable or improve. The free-radical theory of aging suggests that: A) aging in the body's hormonal system may lower resilience to stress and increase the likelihood of disease. B) people age because inside their cells normal metabolism produces unstable oxygen molecules that ricochet around the cells damaging DNA and other cellular structures. C) cells can divide only a certain number of times and that, as we age, our cells become increasingly less capable of dividing. D) when using the terms young-old, old-old, and oldest-old, we should refer to a person's functional rather than chronological age Early-onset Alzheimer disease accounts for __________% of cases. A) 20 B) 10 C) 50 D) 30 When bone tissue loss becomes severe, an older adult has developed: A) glaucoma. B) cataracts. C) osteoporosis. D) arthritis Which of the following statements regarding exercise, nutrition, and weight in late adulthood is true? A) Longitudinal studies have shown food restriction to increase life span in humans. B) Aerobic exercise and strength training are not recommended for adults over age 55. C) Vitamin supplements have been shown conclusively to slow the aging process and improve older adults' health. D) Maintaining healthy lifestyles, including exercise, proper diet, and weight control is associated with greater longevity. Individuals who are over 100 years of age are called: A) elderly. B) centenarians. C) young-old. D) longevity. ________ is a global term for any neurological disorder in which the primary symptoms involve deterioration of mental functioning. A) Parkinson disease B) Alzheimer disease C) Depression D) Dementia What percentage of U.S. adults 65 years of age and over reside in a nursing home? A) 3% B) 13% C) 23% D) 50% Compared with younger workers, older workers are more likely to: A) have higher absenteeism. B) have more accidents. C) report lower job satisfaction. D) experience age-related negative stereotypes. __________ refers to the number of years a person is likely to live when he or she is born. A) Life span B) Life expectancy C) Centenarian D) Cellular clock In Erik Erikson's theory, _______ describes the period of development for humans in late adulthood. A) intimacy versus isolation B) integrity versus despair C) generativity versus stagnation D) identity versus identity confusion What percentage of adults over 65 years of age are married? A) 95% B) 56% C) 33% D) 15% __________, involving discussion of past activities and experiences with another individual or group, may improve the mood of older adults. A) Life review B) Selective optimization C) Generational communication D) Reminiscence therapy Which of the following is not a concern with eldercare? A) concern over the use of Medicare and Medicaid to cover the costs associated with eldercare B) concern over who will provide eldercare with so many women in the labor market C) concern over the physical caretaking of older family members D) concern over the emotional caretaking of older family members Prejudice against older adults is called: A) eldercare. B) ageism. C) racism. D) sexism. Which of pianist Arthur Rubenstein's behaviors provides an example of optimization in old age? A) Rubenstein reduced the scope of his performances, playing fewer pieces. B) Rubenstein spent more time practicing than he did earlier in his life. C) Rubenstein used special strategies to create the perception of faster playing. D) All of the above Which of the following is an example of Erikson's view of integrity? A) Emily, age 72, thinks she made a valuable contribution to numerous lives during her career as a nurse. B) Joe, age 60, regrets never having children and is looking for a way to add meaning to his life. C) Amber, age 68, struggles with her health, but is optimistic that she will recover and return to live in her own home. D) Jesse, age 71, is content living in a nursing home and remains active in various social activities. __________ involves looking at one's experiences, evaluating them, interpreting them, and sometimes reinterpreting them. A) Disengagement B) Role preoccupation C) Ego transcendence D) Life review Deaths that are sudden, untimely, violent, or traumatic are likely to have __________ effects on surviving individuals. A) less intense B) more intense C) unpredictable D) minimal After being diagnosed with an untreatable, terminal form of cancer, Peggy shouted "This isn't fair! I've always exercised and eaten right! Why me?" What stage of dying is Peggy likely experiencing? A) denial and isolation B) anger C) bargaining D) depression During which of Kübler-Ross's five stages of dying is it suggested that the person might become silent, refuse visitors, and spend a great deal of time crying and grieving? A) denial B) bargaining C) depression D) anger What portion of corpses in the USA are cremated rather than buried? A) 25% B) 33% C) 50% D) 75% __________ grief is a type of grief that involves enduring despair that is still unresolved over an extended period of time. A) Intense B) Depressive C) Yearning D) Prolonged __________ euthanasia occurs when a person is allowed to die by withholding available treatment, while __________ euthanasia occurs when death is deliberately induced. A) Suicide; homicide B) Active; passive C) Passive; active D) Homicide; suicide Active euthanasia is legal in __________ state(s) in the United States? A) 0 B) 1 C) 5 D) 11 Dr. Jack Kevorkian's activities are associated with: A) passive euthanasia. B) advanced directives. C) living wills. D) assisted suicide, a form of active euthanasia. What is the typical sequence of emotions in Kübler-Ross's stages of dying? A) denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance B) denial, bargaining, anger, depression, acceptance C) bargaining, anger, depression, denial, acceptance D) anger, depression, denial, bargaining, acceptance Which of the following is not a recommended strategy for communicating with a dying person? A) Make small talk to keep their mind off their situation. B) Encourage the dying person to reminisce. C) Express your regard and love for the dying person. D) Allow the dying person to express guilt or anger Which of the following is a normal grief reaction? A) apathy B) loneliness C) pining D) all of these A _________ has the goal of making the end of life free from pain, anxiety, and depression, and a_______ has the goal of curing illness and prolonging life. A) hospital; hospital B) hospital; hospice C) hospice; hospital D) hospice; hospice Palliative care focuses on: A) reducing pain and suffering, so that individuals can die with dignity. B) curing chronic illness. C) life-sustaining procedures used to prolong life when death is imminent. D) promoting healthy lifestyles to avoid chronic illness. A(n) _________ states that life-sustaining procedures not be used to prolong an individual's life when death is imminent. A) advanced directive B) passive euthanasia C) active euthanasia D) living will Which of Erikson’s stages of personality development emphasizes the need for an infant’s environment to be consistently nurturant? A) independence versus dependence B) autonomy versus shame and doubt C) trust versus mistrust D) initiative versus guilt The __________ principle of development suggests that growth begins at the top (the head) of the body and moves downward. A) development biodynamics B) proximodistal C) size constancy D) cephalocaudal In the United States, what is the leading cause of death in young children? A) SIDS B) cardiovascular disease C) accidents D) cancer Regarding cohabitation in the United States, which of the following statements is true? A) Cohabitation arrangements tend to be short-lived, typically less than a year. B) There has been a significant decrease in the number of adults who cohabit. C) Those who cohabit have stronger marriages. D) Cohabitating adults have the same legal rights as married The changing nature of middle age can be accounted for by the fact that: A) average life expectancy has increased dramatically in the past 100 years. B) people today are more active and productive at later ages. C) medical discoveries have improved health in adulthood. D) All of these When psychologists speak of life-span development, they are referring to an approach that emphasizes A) child development, specifically. B) humanity's historical development. C) only the periods of the human life span involving growth. D) the periods of the human life span involving both growth and decline. Starvation is to __________ nervosa as binge–purge is to __________ nervosa. A) anorexia; bulimia B) anorexia; anorexia C) bulimia; bulimia D) bulimia; anorexia _________ is the ability to manage one's behavior, emotions, and thoughts that lead to increased social competence and achievement. A) Self-control B) Self-concept C) Self-regulation D) Self-restriction Of married adults at midlife, the majority say their marriages are: A) excellent or very good. B) good. C) average. D) not very good or poor. __________ is a learning disability whereby individuals have a severe impairment in their ability to read and spell. A) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder B) Dyslexia C) Leukemia D) Ritalin The evolutionary process that favors individuals of a species that are best adapted to survive and reproduce is called: A) the principle of evolutionary selection B) natural selection C) the origin of selection D) adaptive behavior Erikson's psychosocial stage of development for adolescents is called: A) industry versus inferiority. B) intimacy versus isolation. C) identity versus identity confusion. D) integrity versus despair In the United States, which of the following is the most widely recognized marker of entry into adulthood? A) economic independence B) independent decision making C) taking of the first more-or-less permanent full-time job D) graduation from high school Regarding children and television, which of the following statement is true? A. Television violence can cause aggressive behaviors in children. B. Prosocial behaviors on television are associated with increased negative behavior in children. C. Children watch only moderate amounts of television. D. Television viewing is positively related to children's creativity skills