Completed Respiratory Disorders Worksheet

Student Name: Date: Assignment Week/Day: Please fill-up the columns below with major take-away or focus points for each topic/disorder. Review materials from previous courses such as Pathophysiology, etc. Deviated Septum severe shifting of the nasal septum, caused by trauma nasal breathing obstruction, congestion, frequent sinus infection, nose bleed, facial pain Physical examination with nasal speculum Epistaxis Nose bleeds: common I adults 50+, caused by trauma, hypertension, low humidity, upper Resp tract infection, allergies, chemical irritants Easily visible, bleeding from the nose Physical examination, patient reported Inflammation of nasal mucosa in response to allergens: Intermittent, episodic, persistent, seasonal Sneezing, watery eyes, itchy nose and eyes, altered smell, runny nose, headache, congestion Allergic Rhinitis Sinusitis Inflammation of the mucosa blocks the sinus openings; upper resp tract infection, bacterial infection, asthma Sinus pain, purulent drainage, congestion, fever, malaise Monitor breathing patterns, potential surgical intervention (nasal septoplasty) Severe deviations may require nasal septoplasty under anesthesia-monitor for respiratory depression First aid measures to treat, maintain calm environment, pt in seated position leaning slightly forward, head tipped slightly forward, apply direct pressure for 5-15 minutes Identify bleed location, continuous bleeding after 15 minutes seek help. Avoid use of anticoagulants/NSAID/Aspirin Use humidifier, avoid vigorous nose blowing, do not strain after nosebleed occurs allergy test panel, patient identified triggers Identify and avoid triggers** initiate drug therapy to decrease inflammation and nasal symptoms Immunotherapy for unavoidable allergens/ drug intolerance. Anaphylaxis Nose culture, CT scan, surgery to relieve obstruction Relief of symptoms, treat underlying cause, allergy teaching, encourage use of humidifier, increase fluid intake and rest Meningitis can occur if pathogens enter blood stream contact HCP if symptoms increase Droplet/contact precaution, 1 Student Name: Date: Assignment Week/Day: Please fill-up the columns below with major take-away or focus points for each topic/disorder. Review materials from previous courses such as Pathophysiology, etc. Influenza Acute Pharyngitis Head and Neck Cancer Highly contagious viral infection: common in kids and elderly Acute inflammation of the pharyngeal walls: viral, bacterial, or fungal -Cancers may involve the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx, oral cavity, and/or salivary gland - Most often occurs in people over age 50 and twice as often in men compared to women. Younger than 50 years are often associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. -Risk factors: sun exposure, asbestos, industrial carcinogens, marijuana use, radiation therapy to the head and Headache, muscle pain, chills, fatigue, diarrhea, cough, fever Scratchy throat, throat pain, difficulty swallowing, fever, lymph node enlargement, exudate -Painless, small nodules and hoarseness (prolonged) -Painful swallowing and breathing -Leukoplakia- white patch in mouth -Erythroplakia- red patches in the mouth - Ear pain or ringing in the ears, swelling or lumps in the neck, constant coughing, and coughing up blood. -Swelling of the jaw, AV avanatge A/H5N1 flu test saline gargles, monitor FEAB, I&O, increase fluids, monitor respiratory Infection control, symptom relief (gargle w/ salt water, increase fluids, antibiotics Throat cultures -Scope, CT, MRI, PET Scope, CT, MRI, PET Educate on vaccine, report cases for signs of outbreak, teach hand hygiene importance, pneumonia is complication Tonsillitis, secondary infections good hand hygiene, medication if needed Support: Nutritional, emotional, and altered body image -Eliminate or modify risk factor such as smoking and alcohol 2 Student Name: Date: Assignment Week/Day: Please fill-up the columns below with major take-away or focus points for each topic/disorder. Review materials from previous courses such as Pathophysiology, etc. neck, and poor oral hygiene inflammation of the obstructed airway, and weight loss Pneumonia- monitor for signs and symptoms, increase fluids, 3 Student Name: Date: Assignment Week/Day: Please fill-up the columns below with major take-away or focus points for each topic/disorder. Review materials from previous courses such as Pathophysiology, etc. Acute Bronchitis Pertussis bronchi; caused by virus mostly, pollution, dust chemical inhalation, asthma, chronic sinusitis Cough (up to 3 weeks), clear secretions, purulent sputum, headache, fever, fatigue, dyspnea, chest pain Cultures, physical assessment (lung sounds) chest xray Cough suppressants, encourage fluid intake, use humidifier, stop smoking, frequent hand washing monitor respiratory highly contagious gram (-) bacterial infection of resp tract. Bacteria damage cilia by releasing harmful toxins Uncontrollable, violent cough, whooping inspirations, vomiting, fever Cultures, chest xray, physical assessment Antibiotic treatment, symptom minimization, prevent spread of disease, educate on length of contagion Pneumonia, dehydration; monitor I&O, push fluids, monitor respiratory status, avoid corticosteroids, cough suppressants, antihistamines, 4 Student Name: Date: Assignment Week/Day: Please fill-up the columns below with major take-away or focus points for each topic/disorder. Review materials from previous courses such as Pathophysiology, etc. or bronchodilator (inflammation and swelling) Pneumonia Tuberculosis Pulmonary Fungal Infection acute infection of the lungs; defense mechanisms of the lungs become compromised, susceptable to infection; caused by: abd. Surgery, age, pollution, immobility, chronic disease, immunocompromised. Aspiration, inhalation, hematogenous organism transfer Anxiety, fatigue, weakness, chest tightness, confusion, fever, chills, flushed skin, tachypnea, difficulty breathing, purulent or rust colored sputum, crackles/wheezes, decreased pulse ox Infection cause by TB bacteria, transmitted airborne: most common in high-risk areas, low economic status, immunocompromised, health care workers Persistent cough for more than 3 weeks, blood streaked sputum, fatigue, weight loss, lowgrade fever Fungal infection of the lungs caused by opportunistic fungi: immunocompromised Similar to bacterial pneumonia Sputum cultures, CBC (elevated WBC counts), ABG’s, blood cultures, chest xray, pulse ox Quantiferon TB gold test (blood test) Mantoux test (intradermal 2step), chest x-ray, cultures Skin testing, serology, biopsy Position pt in fowlers or high fowlers, encourage coughing, breathing treatments, O2 therapy, monitor skin breakdown, promote nutrition and fluid intake, antibiotics Heat-humid O2 therapy, prevent transmission (N95 filter mask), neg. airflow rooms, increase fluids, protein, iron, Vit C and B antifungal medication given IV Monitor respiratory status. Atelectasis, sepsis, acute resp distress- encourage breathing exercises and use of incentive spirometer. Encourage fluid intake, encourage ROM exercise Airborne precaution education, all family/friends that may have been in contact should be tested. TB organism spread into other organs Pneumonia 5 Student Name: Date: Assignment Week/Day: Please fill-up the columns below with major take-away or focus points for each topic/disorder. Review materials from previous courses such as Pathophysiology, etc. Lung Abscess Lung tissue death results from aspiration, IV drug use, PE, TB Slow progression, bacterial pneumonia s/s, cough w/ dark brown sputum, foul smell/taste, fever, chills, pleural pain, dyspnea, hypoxia X-ray, sputum samples, bronchoscopy Monitor vitals, LOC, Respiratory status, O2 therapy, prolonged antibiotic use and education, effective coughing/breathing education Chest x-ray prevent/decrease exposure Early detection, O2 therapy, immunizations (flu, pneumonia) smoking cessation Pulmonary Embolism and immunocomprimised. Pneumoconiosis Chemical pneumonitis General term for lung disease caused by inhalation of particles -Exposure to toxic fumes -Exposure to allergens Classified by dust origin, dyspnea cough wheezing, weight loss, cor pulmonale (RSHF), fibrosis, chills, fever, dyspnea Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Lung Cancer Mutated epithelial cells in the lungs. Smoking is the number one cause, pollution, radiation and asbestos, genetics are risk Appear late in in disease process. Chronic cough (persistent), anorexia, Chest x-ray, sputum sample, biopsy, CT scan Surgical therapy, radiation therapy, Chemo. Correct staging and early intervention increase survival rate, smoking cessation education PE, lung cancer, mesothelioma, COPD, TB Death: stop smoking 6 Student Name: Date: Assignment Week/Day: Please fill-up the columns below with major take-away or focus points for each topic/disorder. Review materials from previous courses such as Pathophysiology, etc. factor fatigue, nausea, vomiting Blunt trauma to the rib cage; most common Pain, especially during inspiration, shallow breaths, decreased chest wall movement Fracture Ribs Flail Chest Fracture of 2 or more adjacent ribs in 2 or more places with loss of chest wall stability Paradoxical movement of chest wall, respiratory distress. May be associated hemothorax, x-ray, physical assessment Decrease pain, support adequate breathing and secretion clearing Physical examination or Chest Xray O2 as needed to maintain O2 saturation, analgesia. Stabilize flail segment with positive pressure ventilation (intubation and mechanical ventilation as needed). Atelectasis, pneumonia, splintering may cause further damage. Do not use tape or binders as this limits chest expansion Pneumothorax, hemothorax, pulmonary contusion, pneumonia, and atelectasis respiratory failure. 7 Student Name: Date: Assignment Week/Day: Please fill-up the columns below with major take-away or focus points for each topic/disorder. Review materials from previous courses such as Pathophysiology, etc. Treat associated injuries. Possible surgical fixation. pneumothorax, pulmonarycontusion • Apply O2 Pneumothorax Pleural Effusion Pleurisy Perforation of visceral pleura during insertion. A pneumothorax can be caused by a blunt or penetrating chest injury, certain medical procedures, or damage from underlying lung disease Pleural effusion is an abnormal collection of fluid in this space. It is not a disease but a sign of disease. Most common causes are congestive heart failure, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism. Inflammation of the pleura; caused by infection, neoplasm, autoimmune, trauma, GI disease Decreased or absent breath sounds Respiratory distress (cyanosis, dyspnea, tachypnea) Chest Xray CT scan Ultrasound imaging • Place in semi-Fowler’s position • Prepare for chest tube insertion • Chest pain • Distended unilateral chest Dyspnea Cough Pleuritic pain SOB Dullness upon percussion of chest wall, chest xray, CT scan Treat underlying cause, often a secondary factor to other disease such as HF Sharp, abrupt pain, aggravated by inspiration CT scan, X-ray Treat underlying issue, NSAID treatment, splint effected side Diminished/absent Chest Xray Deep breathing exercises, incentive spirometer use, Hypoxemic respiratory failure. Respiratory or cardiac arrest Bronchopulmonary fistula Pulmonary edema Empyema pneumopericardium Decreased O2 sat. worsening of disease, respiratory distress: may require chest tube for fluid drainage Pleural friction rub Respiratory distress 8 Student Name: Date: Assignment Week/Day: Please fill-up the columns below with major take-away or focus points for each topic/disorder. Review materials from previous courses such as Pathophysiology, etc. Atelectasis Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Sarcoidosis Pulmonary Edema Collapse of the alveoli, caused by obstruction, immobility, post-op pts Chronic progressive disorder; chronic inflammation and formation of scar tissue of the connective tissue; smoking, metal/wood dust exposure, males, age (50—70) Chronic granulomatous disease; multisystem impact, unknown origin; genetic, African american Accumulation of fluid in the alveoli/interstitial space, complication of other lung/heart diseases; HF, overhydration, kidney/liver impairment, resp distress syndrome, LSHF, high altitude lung sounds, pain, dyspnea. Dyspnea, dry cough, clubbing, crackles, fatigue, weakness, weight loss, anorexia Dyspnea, cough, chest pain, often asymptomatic Dyspnea, difficulty breathing lying down, wheezing, restlessness, anxiety, frothy sputum, hypoxia, syanosis, tachycardia, edema mobility Chest x ray pulmonary function test, open lung biopsy (most effective) Staged, pulmonary stress test, chest x ray, CT Chest x-ray, electrocardiogram, pulse ox Corticosteroid treatment O2 therapy; monitor respiration status. Lung transplant for qualified pts, pulmonary rehab Treatment based on pulmonary function, monitor respiration status, aim is suppression of inflammatory response O2 therapy, monitor o2 levels, respiratory and cardiac status, monitor for orthostatic hypertension, BP control, smoking Cessation Immunosuppression Follow up stress test, x-ray/CT every 3-6 months to track progression Lower extremity edema, liver impairment, death if untreated, RSHF 9 Student Name: Date: Assignment Week/Day: Please fill-up the columns below with major take-away or focus points for each topic/disorder. Review materials from previous courses such as Pathophysiology, etc. Pulmonary Embolism Pulmonary Hypertension Cor Pulmonale Blockage of a pulmonary artery by a thrombus, fat, or air embolus, or tumor tissue. Obstructs alveoli perfusion; DVT, immobility, surgery obesity, birth control use, smoking, HF, pregnancy Elevated pulmonary artery pressure. complication of pulmonary embolism (secondary) Primary cause unknown Enlargement of the right ventricle caused by pulmonary condition. COPD, pulmonary hypertension Nonspecific, dyspnea, hypoxemia, tachypnea, cough, chest pain, crackles, wheezing, fever, change in LOC, hypotension D-dimer, CT scan, chest x-ray, BNP/ABGs DVT prevention, ambulate, anticoagulation medication, O2 therapy, facilitate breathing, prevent worsening of symptoms, monitor cardiac function Dyspnea, fatigue, chest pain, dizziness, catheterization of s3 heart sounds, cor the right side for pulmonale test Early diagnosis is key promote vasodilation through drug therapy, treat underlying issue, respiratory and cardiac monitoring Subtle, dyspnea, tachypnea, cough, fatigue, hypoxemia, peripheral edema, bounding pulse O 2 therapy, low sodium diet, monitor I&O, electrolyte, COPD treatment ABG, SPO2, electrolyte panels, ECG, chest x-ray Surgical intervention, pulmonary infarction/hypertension Potential surgical intervention, lung transplant. Heart failure; monitor cardiac output, blood pressure 10 Student Name: Date: Assignment Week/Day: Please fill-up the columns below with major take-away or focus points for each topic/disorder. Review materials from previous courses such as Pathophysiology, etc. Asthma Airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction Triggers for asthma attack, male, age, exercise, obesity, genetics Wheezing, coughing, dyspnea, chest tightness, cough, shortness of breath Detailed health history, spirometer, stress test, x-ray Avoid triggers, teaching of asthma management, (inhaler use) maintain fluid levels, monitor I&O, monitor respiratory status, asthma care plan Potentially life threatening, chronic asthma, control s/s Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Persistent airflow limitation, chronic inflammatory response in airways and lungs. cigarette smoking: often presents with chronic bronchitis and emphysema: asthma also contributes more common in men, effects 15% of smokers, linked to aging, genetics Overdistension of alveoli Chronic inflammation of bronchial lining: smoking and pollution Damage to the alveoli Intermittent, chronic cough, dyspnea, unproductive cough, fatigue, weight loss, anorexia, wheezes, decreased hypoxemia, cyanosis, chest tightness, mental status change Stress test, spirometer, history and physical exam, ABG Cessation of smoking, teach proper airway clearance education (huff cough, pursed lip breathing), push fluids, drug therapy (bronchodilator) O2 therapy, chest physiotherapy, drain secretions if necessary, disease progression prevention, good hand hygiene, inhaler use, proper nutrition and exercise Cor pulmonale, acute exacerbations, acute resp failure: stop smoking, teach lifestyle changes (Chronic Bronchitis) (Emphysema) 11 Student Name: Date: Assignment Week/Day: Please fill-up the columns below with major take-away or focus points for each topic/disorder. Review materials from previous courses such as Pathophysiology, etc. Cystic Fibrosis Autosomal recessive disorder: Na, Cl transport altered out of epithelial cells, mucus becomes dehydrated/tenacious decreased cilia motility leads to bronchiole obstruction: genetic, race (Caucasian) Typically, in children, cysts in pancreas, chronic sinusitis, frequent cough, purulent yellowgreen sputum, weight loss, dyspnea, delayed puberty, Genetic testing, sodium and chloride panels, sweat chloride test Bronchiectasis Permanent abnormal dilation of medium sized bronchi: post pneumonia, infection Persistent cough, thick tenacious, purulent sputum, hemoptysis, chest pain, dyspnea, wheezing, clubbing, weight loss, anemia Chest x-ray, CT scan, test for bacterial infection in sputum Relieve obstruction, educate nebulizer treatment, clearance techniques (flutter technique, breathing exercise, huff cough infection prevention, monitor O2 and respirations, psychosocial wellness Promote drainage, maintain hydration, educate on smoking cessation, humidifier use Infertility, bone disease, sinus disease, liver disease, pneumothorax Avoid smoking, vaccination of flu pertussis, measles, early recognition