Which Term Describes an Organism That Has Identical Alleles for a Trait

Q: What does “DNA” stand for? Q: If an individual has one gene for blue eyes and one gene for brown eyes, what are the different versions of the gene called? A: Deoxyribonucleic Acid A: Alleles. Q: Name the chemical inside cells that carries the genetic info for making living organisms. Q: True or False. Alleles are only dominant. A: DNA A: False Q: What is the X-like structure in the nucleus that is made of tightly coiled DNA called? Q: True or False. Heterozygous means having different alleles for the same gene. A: A chromosome A: True Q: What is the name for a specific sequence of bases in a DNA molecule and is the basic unit of heredity? Q: How many individuals are involved in asexual reproduction? A: A gene A: One. Q: What term describes the passage of genes from parents to their offspring? Q: What is the biggest factor resulting in the diversity of species? A: heredity OR inheritance A: Natural selection Q: What is the term for the appearance of an individual that is the product of its genotype & environment? Q: Explain how different shaped beaks would be a helpful adaptation for the Galapagos finches? A: phenotype A: Different beak shapes were suited for different food sources, thus reducing competition for food. Q: What is the term for specific plants or animals with specific traits that are purposely crossed to get offspring with the same desirable traits? Q: What is the term for when organisms with the most favorable traits survive in the natural environment and reproduce most successfully? A: Selective breeding or artificial selection A: Natural Selection Q: True or False: One advantage of asexual reproduction is that all of the offspring of one individual are different. A: False Q: Where in the cell are the majority of genes packaged? Q: Why is it important a mutation that improves the fitness of an organism be heritable? A: If the mutation is not heritable, the helpful trait will not get passed on to its offspring and the added fitness will be lost. Q: What is the term for a change in DNA sequence? A: They are on DNA that is packaged in chromosomes stored in the nucleus of the cell. A: Mutation Q: What is the process called that changed the beaks of the Galapagos finches to make them adapted to different food sources? Q: What is the term for how well an organism is able to survive in its environment and pass its genes on to the next generation? A: Natural selection A: Fitness Q: Name one way that an adaptation improves fitness. Q: What are changes made by organisms in response to the environment? A: Protects them from predators; Helps them find food; Helps them reproduce, etc. A: Adaptations Q: True or False. Adaptations can happen in one generation? Q: The genetic makeup of an individual is called… What? A: False A: Genotype Q: Name one type of adaptation. Q: Who was the Austrian monk often called the “Father of Modern Genetics?” A: Structural; behavioral; reproductive; physiological Q: What is the difference between artificial selection and natural selection? A: In artificial selection, humans select only the individuals with the wanted trait for breeding. In natural selection, animals better adapted to the environment survive and reproduce. Q: What does a DNA molecule look like? A: DNA is made of two long strands of bases twisted around each other. It looks like a twisted ladder (a double helix). A: Gregor Mendel Q: True or False. A mutation can become an adaptation if it helps the organism survive and reproduce. A: True Q: Why do offspring usually resemble their parents? A: Because parents pass on their genes to their offspring, they have some similar traits. Q: In sexual reproduction, why isn’t the offspring identical to either parent? A: The offspring inherits ½ of its genes from each parent (one of every gene) so the offspring will have a genotype different from either parent. Q: What is the maximum number of different alleles for a single gene that an individual can have? A: Two. Q: Fig trees have flowers that only allow one species of wasp to enter and pollinate them. This adaptation prevents cross pollinating between different species of figs. What type of adaptation is this? A: Reproductive and/or structural Q: The antlers of male deer allow them to combat with other males for mating privileges with females in the area. What type of adaptation is this? A: Reproductive Q: Hibernating through the winter is an example of what type of adaptation? Q: Emperor penguins living in Antarctica huddle together to share body heat to help stay warm. What type of adaptation is this? A: Behavioral and/or Physiological A: Behavioral Q: Bristlecone pine trees grow very, very slowly so that they can live a long time—more than 4,000 years! What type of adaptation is this? Q: Venomous snakes use their venom mainly to capture and digest their prey, but occasionally also to escape predators. What type of adaptation is this? A: Physiological Q: Woodpeckers have specialized feet and stiff tail feathers so that they can perch vertically on tree trunks and peck for insects. What kind of adaptation is this? A: Structural A: Physiological Q: What is the study of how traits are inherited and how differences arise among individuals? A: Genetics