University:
Texas A&M University
Course:
BIOL 319 | Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology I
Academic year:

2024
Views:

249

Pages:

49
Author:

lankstoetp13

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: Part 1 Ovary and hormonal orchestration Objectives: female reproductive system Part 1 Ovary and hormonal orchestration • Identify the tissues of the ovary, and distinguish between primordial, primary, secondary, tertiary, and atretic follicles. • Hormonal orchestration Part 2 Uterine tube and uterus • Describe the three layers of the uterine tube and compare the structure in the different regions along its length. • Describe the three layers of the uterus. Understand the morphological changes in the endometrium and myometrium during the normal menstrual cycle and during pregnancy. Part 3 Cervix, mammary gland, and placenta • Compare the structures and functions of the mammary glands at different stages. • Identify the three layers of the cervix and the vagina. • Identify the villi and intervillous space in the placenta. Relate these structures with placental function. FUNCTIONS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM • OVA PRODUCTION • OVA and SPERM TRANSPORTATION • MICROENVIRONMENTS FOR FERTILIZATION • IMPLANTATION AND FETAL-PLACENTAL GROWTH • NOURISHMENT AND SUPPORT OF OFFSPRING • POSTNATAL REPETITION OVARY GENERAL STRUCTURE • • • • GERMINAL EPITHELIUM TUNICA ALBUGINEA MEDULLA CORTEX FUNCTIONAL OVERVIEW Slide 79: Ovary Medullary blood vessels Tunica albuginea Cortex Medulla Cortex Germinal epithelium Ovary, monkey 1 2 Ovarian Cortex: 3 1. Germinal epithelium 2. Tunica albunginea 3. Primordial and primary follicles Follicle development and changes within ovary FOLLICLE MATURATION PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLES • • OOCYTE FOLLICULAR (GRANULOSA) CELLS Ovary: 1. Primordial follicle 2. Granulosa cell Ovarian Cortex: 1. Germinal epithelium 2. Tunica albunginea 3. Primary follicle FOLLICLE MATURATION PRIMARY FOLLICLE • • • • ZONA PELLUCIDA STRATUM GRANULOSUM THECAL FOLLICULI CALL-EXNER BODIES FOLLICLE MATURATION SECONDARY (ANTRAL) FOLLICLE FOLLICULAR FLUID MEMBRANA GRANULOSA CUMULUS OOPHORUS CORONA RADIATA THECA INTERNA THECA EXTERNA FOLLICLES FOLLICLE MATURATION GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE egg Slide 79: Ovary Secondary follicle Primordial follicle Primary follicle Theca externa & interna Zona pellucida Granulosa cells Antrum with liquor folliculi Corona radiata Cumulus oophorus Membrana granulosa EM 50: Ovary EM 25: early primary follicle 1. Cytoplasm of primary oocyte 2. Zona pellucida 3. Follicular cell Ovary Ovary Ovary, guinea pig Ovary, guinea pig – primary and secondary follicles; follicle with atresia and its final form as a glassy membrane OVULATION Ovary, corpus luteum 1. Granulosa lutein 2. Theca lutein 3. Central clot Corpus luteum of ovary 268 Slide 80: Ovary with corpus luteum Corpus luteum Corpus hemorrhagicum remnants Theca lutein cells Granulosa lutein cells Corpus luteum of Ovary, mouse (toluidine blue) 268 EM 24: corpus luteum 1. Capillary 2. Nucleus of granulosa lutein cell 3. erythrocyte Corpus luteum and corpus albicans of ovary 170 Slide 81: Ovary Vasculature Corpus albican Corpus luteum OOGENESIS - FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF OVA MITOSIS (OOCYTOGENESIS) – OOGONIA • PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT (RUMINANTS, RODENT, SWINE, HUMAN) • POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT (CARNIVORES) OOGENESIS - FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF OVA MEIOSIS – OOCYTES EARLY DEVELOPMENT MATURATION ARREST (DICTYATE STEP OF MEIOTIC PROPHASE) LATER DEVELOPMENT SYNCHRONIZED WITH DEVELOPMENT AND MATURATION OF FOLLICLES DIVISION • FIRST MEIOTIC DIVISION – REDUCTION DIVISION – FIRST POLAR BODY • SECOND MEIOTIC DIVISION – • EQUATIONAL DIVISION – SECOND POLAR BODY Oogenesis Copyright McGraw-Hill Companies The number of chromosomes are present in the human secondary oocyte is 23 chromosomes, the haploid number. MEIOSIS Zygote MEIOSIS (ONLY IN SPERMATOGENESIS AND OOGENESIS) EXCHANGE OF GENETIC MATERIAL IN HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES (LEPTOTENE, ZYGOTENE, PACHYTENE, AND DIPLOTENE STEPS OF DEVELOPMENT) PRODUCES HAPLOID CONDITION OF GAMETES MEIOSIS (ONLY IN SPERMATOGENESIS AND OOGENESIS) PRODUCES HAPLOID CONDITION OF GAMETES SPECIES DIFFERENCE IN TIME OF POLAR BODY FORMATION POLAR BODY EXTRUSION FIRST SECOND MANY MAMMALS PREOVULATION HORSE & DOG POSTOVULATION ZONA PENETRATION OF SPERM ZONA PENETRATION OF SPERM FIRST POLAR BODY birth FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT SYNCHRONIZED WITH GAMETE DEVELOPMENT TYPE PRIMORDIAL PRIMARY SECONDARY DESCRIPTION FLATTENED FOLLICULAR CELLS GERM CELL TYPE PRIMARY OOCYTE LOW CUBOIDAL FOLLICULAR CELLS PRIMARY OOCYTE YOLK FORMATION PRIMARY OOCYTE ZONA PELLUCIDA THECA INTERNA THECA FOLLICULI EXTERNA FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT - SYNCHRONIZED WITH GAMETE DEVELOPMENT (cont’d) TYPE DESCRIPTION GERM CELLTYPE VESICULAR FOLLICLE- CALL-EXNER BODIES PRIMARY OOCYTE (TERTIARY FOLLICLE) (PRECURSORS OF LIQUOR FOLLICULI) - FORMATION OF FOLLICULAR ANTRUM - CUMULUS OOPHORUS- MOUND OF CELLS - CORONA RADIATA- ADJACENT TO OOCYTE NUTRIENTS - STRATUM GRANULOSUM MATURE FOLLICLE - PREOVULATORY (GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE) LARGEST, EXTEND FROM CORTEX TO SURFACE OF OVARY PRIMARY/ SECONDARY OOCYTE HORMONES ORCHESTRATE THE PROCESS OVARIAN HORMONES ANDROGENS • LH STIMULATION CAUSES THECA INTERNA CELLS TO PRODUCE ANDROGENS (ANDOSTENEDIONE AND TESTOSTERONE) ESTROGENS • FSH STIMULATION CAUSES MEMBRANA GRANULOSA CELLS TO PRODUCE ESTROGENS (ESTRODIOL 17B) • GRANULOSA CELLS AROMATIZE ANDROGENS FROM THECA INTERNA CELLS TO PRODUCE ESTROGENS • ESTROGENS - INDUCE FURTHER PROLIFERATION OF GRANULOSAL CELLS OVARIAN HORMONES INHIBITION OF FSH • FOLLICULOSTATIN - INHIBITORY SUBSTANCE HAS NEGATIVE FEEDBACK ON FSH • STEROIDSTHEMSELVES WORK THROUGH NEGATIVE FEEDBACK PROGESTERONE - GRANULOSA LUTEIN CELLS OF CORPUS LUTEUM • UTERINE GLAND DEVELOPMENT • MAINTENANCE OF PREGNANCY RELAXIN - PRODUCED BY CORPUS LUTEUM • CAUSES RELAXATION OF LIGAMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH PUBIC SYMPHYSIS BEFORE PARTARITION Hormonal regulation of ovarian function - Female reproductive system cycles

Female Reproductive System Part 1 Ovary and Hormonal Orchestration

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