Dehydration Synthesis Leads to Formation of B. Polymers

Dehydration synthesis leads to formation of B. polymers During the breakdown of polymers, which of the following reactions takes place? A. hydrolysis The following chemical reactants produce the ester ethyl ethanoate (C4H8O2): C2H6O + CH3COOH, what type of reaction occurs to make ethyl ethanoate? A. condensation An example of a monosaccharide is ________. Fructose, glucose, galactose D. all of the above Cellulose and starch are examples of: D. polysaccharides Plant cell walls contain which of the following in abundance? B. cellulose Lactose is a disaccharide formed by the formation of a ________ bond between glucose and ________. B. glycosidic; galactose Which of the following is not an extracellular matrix role of carbohydrates? D. provide energy for muscle movement (roles protect an insects internal organs, prevent plant cells from lysing after the plant is watered, and maintaining the shape of a fungal spore) Saturated fats have all of the following characteristics except: D. they tend to dissolve in water easily (solid at room temp, have single bonds in carbon chain, obtain from animal sources) Phospholipids are important components of ________. A. the plasma membrane of cells Cholesterol is an integral part of plasma membranes. Based on its structure, where is it found in the membrane? C. within the tail bilayer The monomers that make up proteins are called ________. C. amino acids The α-helix and the ß-pleated sheet are part of which protein structure B. secondary Mad cow disease is an infectious disease where one misfolded protein causes all other copies of the protein to begin misfolding. This is an example of a disease impacting ____ structure. C. tertiary A nucleotide of DNA may contain ________. C. deoxyribose, thymine, and a phosphate group The building blocks of nucleic acids are ________. D. nucleotides How does the double helix structure of DNA support its role in encoding the genome? C. Complementary base pairing creates a very stable structure. What is the sum total of all the chemical reactions that take place in your body called? Metabolism What is another name for the polymers of carbohydrates? Polysaccharide Which of the following dietary fats is considered to be the least healthy? Trans fat Which would have the highest concentration of C—H bonds? Saturated Fat What kind of bond joins amino acids together to form a protein? Peptide What is the basic structure of most lipids? A glycerol head and up to three fatty acid tails Proteins are diverse molecules that perform a wide variety of functions. Which of the following is not a typical function of proteins? Energy storage Enzymes are a type of ________. protein What will be accomplished by lowering the activation energy of a reaction? The reaction will proceed more quickly. Which of the following is not a polymer? Glucose In carbohydrates, the ratio of hydrogen (H) to oxygen (O) is 2:1 People who are lactose intolerant cannot extract energy from milk because ________. they are missing an enzyme How many molecules of water are released during the polymerization of a 20 monomer-long cellulose molecule? 19 Phospholipids and triglycerides both ________. have a glycerol backbone Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis? Dehydration reactions assemble polymers; hydrolysis reactions break polymers apart. What component of amino acid structure varies among different amino acids? R group You disrupt all hydrogen bonds in a protein. What level of structure will be preserved? primary structure If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5′-ATTGCA-3′, the mRNA synthesized following the template will be ________. 3′-UAACGU-5′ The central rule of molecular biology states that ________. DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein Which of the following large organic molecules include table sugar? Carbohydrates What are the four classes of large organic molecules important to life on Earth? Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids What might happen if a protein has a change in one amino acid? (protein can no longer function, amino acid chain folds incorrectly, protein has new shape) All lipids are ________. Hydrophobic Based on the suffix, a molecule of "maltose" is most likely what type of macromolecule? Carbohydrate The carbohydrate in DNA is: deoxyribose Use the following figure to answer the question. The molecule shown the figure is a ________ steroid The molecule shown is ________. a hexose Organic compounds are distinguished by molecules that contain ________ bonded to other elements. Carbon Evaluate this statement: Cholesterol is a type of lipid, and thus all cholesterol lipids are bad for human health. False, because some types cholesterol increase heart disease, but other types are necessary, especially in the plasma membrane. How do phospholipids interact with water molecules?