Experiment Title: Gummy Bear Osmosis Experiment Section I: Introduction and Literature Review A. Gummy Bears are formed of sugar and a solid JellO-like substance called gelatin. Gelatin is made when Collagen, a form of protein, is created by heating it with water and then cooling it. Collagen proteins are also found in bones and other tissues throughout the body. The gelatin in Gummy Bears is like the cell membrane of cells. When these proteins are combined and chilled, they create strong-bonding chains. “Michigan Department of Health and Human Services” The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane is known as osmosis. Water flows from a greater to a lower concentration of solvent (an area of lower to higher solute concentration). Gummy bears also contain a semi-permeable membrane, which has holes in it that enable small, non-charged particles like water to pass through but not larger particles like sugar. (Helmenstine 2019) Section II: Hypothesis B. The gummy bear left in regular water will grow. The gummy bear left in salt water will shrink or not grow at all. C. Justify your hypothesis(es) The solute will be the gelatin in the gummy bears, and the solvent will be water. Gummy bears don't have any water in them. As a result, when they're placed in the cups, the water will draw into the gummy bears, causing the ones in plain water to grow. Those in the salt water will develop slower than those in plain water, because of the salt molecules. The ones in salt water will not grow or shrink because the salt molecules are tiny. Whatever is in the gummy bears will gravitate toward the salt on the outside, because there will be a lot of salt in the water. Section III: Method D. Describe the independent variable(s) and how it will be manipulated. The independent variable would be the types of water used in the experiment. Plain regular water, salt water. The experiment will be done in the kitchen table and and be checked for changes every 12 hours and then letting them sit in the cups for an additional 24 hours. E. Describe the dependent variable(s) and how it will be quantified and recorded, including units of measure. The dependent variable in my experiment are Haribo Gummy Bears. Which start roughly in the length of 0.8 inches and we will see how much it changes after it is place in the water. F. Describe at least one external, confounding variable and how it will be controlled. Be sure to justify how your method of controlling that variable will mitigate any confounding effect on observed results. The cofounding variable is the amount of water used. I would be using 4 ounces of water for both the plain water and salt water. Using the exact same amount of water will show that the only difference in the two independent variables is whether it has salt in the water or it doesn’t. Another variable would also be the amount of time the gummy bears will be in the waters for. Also the external cofounding variables are the gummy bears for I will control how many will be putting in each cup. G. Describe your materials and measurement tools in enough detail that a reader would be able to replicate the experiment. Tools:  1 bag of Haribo Gummy Bears  2 solo cups  1 bottle of water  ½ tablespoon of Salt  1 measuring tape/ 12 inch ruler  1 notebook to track down the time and measurements  Pen  Watch/Clock to make sure measurements are taken every 2 hours.  Measuring cup/ I used a baby bottle and use the ounces marks on it H. Describe your experimental procedure in enough detail that a reader would be able to replicate the experiment. I took the two solo cups and poured in 4 ounces of water in each of them. I labeled one of the cups water and the second one salt water. On the second cup of water I added ½ a tablespoon of salt. Once the salt was in the cup with the water I made sure to stir it so the salt dissolves in the water and not just stay in the bottom of the cup. Then I got the bag of Haribo Gummy bears and opened it and got 2 gummy bears. Any color gummy bear is fine but I also placed one on the side to compare how the gummy bears have changed or not from their original size. The gummy bears were measured at their original size before they were placed in the cup and measurements were recorded on the notebook to see how they change overtime. I used a 12 inch ruler to measure the length they were to start with and I measured them in inches. I then placed each gummy bear in the cups and measured again after 12 hours with the ruler I measured the length and see how much they had changed over the 12 hours. After measuring both gummy bears I placed them back into the cups and allowed them to sit for another 12 hours and took the measurement again. Repeating the steps I put them back in the cup so now being in the water for 24 hours I allowed them to sit in the cups for another 24 hours. After the gummy bears sat in the cups of water for a total of 48 hours I took them out and did a final measurement and see what changes had happened and recorded it in the notebook. I made a table where I recorded my meausremts for each cup at 12 hours and then the additional 12 hours and the last one at 48 hours that way it was easier to campare the differences. Section IV: Result I. Summarize the quantitative data gathered from each experimental manipulation. Be sure to highlight the key findings and trends. Before the experiment the gummy bears had the average size of 0.8 inches. After 12 hours: Saltwater Gummy Bear Length 0.8 inches Regular water Gummy Bear Length 1 inch After 24 hours: Saltwater Gummy Bear Length 0.8 inches Regular water Gummy Bear Length 1.2 inches After 48 hours: Saltwater Gummy Bear Length 0.7 inches Regular water Gummy Bears Length 1.4 inches J. Data Chart Time 12 hours 24 hours Salt Water Gummy Bear 0.8 inches 0.8 inches Regular water Gummy Bear 1 inch 1.2 inches *Gummies started at a length of 0.8 inches. 48 hours 0.7 inches 1.4 inches Section V: Conclusions K. Discuss whether your hypothesis(es) was confirmed, refuted, or partially confirmed. Be sure to describe the observed results supporting your conclusion. The hypothesis about the plain water was confirmed because as you can see in the chart each time I measured it the gummy bear would be slightly larger then the previous measurement or original size it started with. My other hypotheses about the gummy bear in salt water even though I got a slight change in measurement after them 48 hours I don’t think there was much change to it. So I was wrong thinking that the salt water would make the gummy bear shrink. L. Describe any uncontrolled confounding variables that could have influenced your observed results and any ways the experiment could be improved. An uncontrolled confounding variable that I think could have influenced my results is the temperature in my house. Being winter right now we have the heater set at different temperatures throughout the day nights and mornings being the coldest as we are working during the day and at night we have our own room set at a different temperature then the rest of the house. I think the experiment could have been different if the experiment would have been done in an area where the temperature stayed the same thoughtout the whole experiment. M. Discuss how your experimental results relate to the references presented in the literature review. My experimental results were similar to the references because in both the regular water and salt water the gummy bears did the same thing. When place in the regular water the gummy bear grew because the water moves into the gelatin and that’s because there is more sugar molecules in the gummy bear then there is in the water. Just like the gummy bear placed in salt water water moves out of the gelatin because there are more salt molecules in the salt water then the gummy bear.