Chapter 1 The Impact of Technologyin a Changing World

Chapter 1 The Impact of Technology in a Changing World Learning Objectives (1 of 2) 1.1 Describe various technological tools being used to impact national and global issues. 1.2 Describe various global social issues that are being affected by technology. 1.3 Describe how technology is changing how and why we connect and collaborate with others. 1.4 Summarize how technology has impacted the way we choose and consume products and services. 1.5 Characterize computer literacy and explain why it is important to be computer literate. Learning Objectives (2 of 2) 1.6 Describe artificial intelligence systems and explain their main goals. 1.7 Describe how artificial intelligence and other emerging technologies are important in many careers. 1.8 Define ethics and describe various ethical systems. 1.9 Describe influences on the development of your personal ethics. 1.10 Present examples of how technology creates ethical challenges. Technology in a Global Society Impact of Tools of Modern Technology (Objective 1.1) • Social networking tools enable groups to connect and exchange ideas • Crisis-mapping tools collect and map information Technology in a Global Society (1 of 2) Global Issues (Objective 1.2) • Health care – Scientific visualization tools help scientists develop antibodies tests – Computationally intense modeling software helps increase the pace of vaccine discovery • The Environment – Data could alert scientists to new trends Technology in a Global Society (2 of 2) Global Issues (Objective 1.2) • The Digital Divide – Gap exists between levels of Internet access and availability of technical tools – Prevents use of all minds to solve planet’s problems Technology Connects Us with Others (1 of 2) Technology Impacts How and Why We Connect and Collaborate (Objective 1.3) • Collaborating for the benefit of others – Web 2.0 ▪ Allows easy content contribution ▪ Facilitates easy connections with others – Cognitive Surplus ▪ Combination of leisure time and tools to be creative Technology Connects Us with Others (2 of 2) Technology Impacts How and Why We Connect and Collaborate (Objective 1.3) • Connecting through business – Support others’ dreams – Crowdfunding asks for small donations from a large number of people Technology Connects Us with Others (1 of 2) Technology Impacts How We Consume (Objective 1.4) • Marketing: – Influencers – Crowdsourcing Technology Connects Us with Others (2 of 2) Technology Impacts How We Consume (Objective 1.4) • Sharing economy – ZipCar – Citi Bike – Collaborative consumption The Importance of Computer Literacy (1 of 2) Computer Literacy (Objective 1.5) • Computer literacy – Understand capabilities and limitations of computers – Know how to use safely and efficiently The Importance of Computer Literacy (2 of 2) Computer Literacy (Objective 1.5) • Computer literacy – Avoiding hackers and viruses – Protecting your privacy – Understanding the real risks – Using the web wisely – Avoiding online annoyances – Ability to maintain, upgrade, and troubleshoot a computer – Keeping up to date Artificial Intelligence (1 of 3) Artificial Intelligence Basics (Objective 1.6) • Intelligence—ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills – Experiences, reasoning, problem solving, perception, and using language • Artificial intelligence—systems or machines that perform tasks usually associated with human intelligence Artificial Intelligence (2 of 3) Artificial Intelligence Basics (Objective 1.6) • Goal in 1950s was to create a machine that could think like a human • Central goals of AI – Natural language processing (NLP) – Perception – Knowledge representation – Planning – Problem solving – Learning Artificial Intelligence (3 of 3) Artificial Intelligence Basics (Objective 1.6) • Major developments contributing to functional AI systems – Expert systems – Artificial neural networks – Advances in machine learning ▪ Deep learning systems capable of learning from mistakes Working With Artificial Intelligence and Other Information Technologies (1 of 6) The Impact of Technology on Your Career (Objective 1.7) • Retail – Data mining ▪ Process of searching huge amounts of data for patterns ▪ Respond to consumer buying/usage patterns Working With Artificial Intelligence and Other Information Technologies (2 of 6) The Impact of Technology on Your Career (Objective 1.7) • Banking – Uses AI to help spot fraud • Transportation – Autopilots on commercial airplanes – Autonomous vehicles • Robots and Embodied Agents Working With Artificial Intelligence and Other Information Technologies (3 of 6) The Impact of Technology on Your Career (Objective 1.7) • Education – Intelligent personal assistants (IPAs) assist students with their individualized learning plans – Speed up the grading process – Plagiarism checkers Working With Artificial Intelligence and Other Information Technologies (4 of 6) The Impact of Technology on Your Career (Objective 1.7) • Law Enforcement – Computers used in cars – Facial reconstruction – Computer forensics Working With Artificial Intelligence and Other Information Technologies (5 of 6) The Impact of Technology on Your Career (Objective 1.7) • Medicine – Help doctors diagnose unfamiliar conditions – Being integrated into patient information systems – Used to design and construct prosthetic devices Working With Artificial Intelligence and Other Information Technologies (6 of 6) The Impact of Technology on Your Career (Objective 1.7) • Psychology – MACH—My Automated Conversation CoacH – Affective computing Ethical Computing Defining Ethics (Objective 1.8) • Ethics: the study of morals and specific moral choices made • Laws: formal, written standards designed to apply to everyone • Unethical behavior: not conforming to approved standards • Amoral behavior: no sense of right and wrong Ethical Computing Personal Ethics (Objective 1.9) • Determining Your Personal Ethics – Describe yourself – List key principles you believe in – Identify external influences – Consider why – Prepare statement of values Ethical Computing (1 of 3) Ethics and Technology (Objective 1.10) • Intellectual Property – Work that is the result of someone’s creativity and knowledge – Protected by copyrights, patents, and trademarks • Privacy – Control and privacy of information will continue to be a fine balancing act Ethical Computing (2 of 3) Ethics and Technology (Objective 1.10) • Social Justice – Predictive policing to prevent crime – Military and government secrets and previously secret documents (WikiLeaks) • Liability – 3D printing can lead to quality control issues • Censorship – Global differences in website blocking Ethical Computing (3 of 3) Ethics and Technology (Objective 1.10) • Social Activism – Hacktivism is using computers and computer networks in a subversive way – Often manifests as denial-of-service attacks • Automated Robotic Machinery – Self-driving cars – Choose between sets of bad choices