General Sociology Interactional Vandalism

1. Interactional vandalism illustrates the connection between micro-level interactions and the larger society because it: reflects larger race, class, and gender inequalities of power and status in society 2. A student who sends a photograph of himself drinking with a suggestive message to his boss can be considered to be engaging in an electronic form of: interactional vandalism 3. The purpose of response cries, according to Erving Goffman, is to: show others one’s continued competence in daily routines 4. In studying social interaction, when an “opening” occurs: civil inattention is discarded 5. Erving Goffman refers to an instance of focused interaction as: an encounter 6. The zoning of our activities is strongly influenced by clock time in: industrialized societies 7. What do your textbook authors mean when they state that the internet alters our experience of time? Electronic communication is almost immediate 8. The pioneering sociologist who developed microsociology and emphasized the importance of understanding the “seemingly trivial” was: Erving Goffman 9. Which of the following statements concerning microsociology is true? Individuals have agency 10. An ethnomethodologist would likely study the: conversations among roommates in a college dormitory 11. A sex worker repeatedly tries to initiate conversation with a businessman despite his obvious unwillingness to respond. This is an example of: interactional vandalism 12. Which of the following statements concerning online dating is true? 13. Maria has 2 e-mail accounts, 2 cell phone numbers, and 2 social media accounts. 1 set of accounts she uses just for communication with her employer and her professors. By doing this, Maria is using the different media accounts to help to demarcate: front and back regions 14. A researcher’s study of the text messages exchanged among a group of friends can be referred to as: conversation analysis 15. Helga and Enid talk every day on the phone; send letters, e-mails, and gifts; and often chat online. Lately, they have been planning their next vacation together; despite their daily contact, they still miss each other. This is an example of which concept? Compulsion of proximity 16. Feminist sociologists and feminist approaches to the sociology of the family have made important contributions to our understanding of the family. Which of the following issues is embedded within a feminist analysis of the family? The time demand imposed by the emotional labor that is expected from women 17. What do we call marriage formed through personal selection and based on affection or love? Affective individualism 18. A socially acknowledged and approved sexual union between 2, and only 2, adult individuals is called: marriage 19. Lisa says, “My family of orientation, had, well, some problems!” She is referring to: her parents and brothers, which constituted the household in which she was raised 20. A student in a sociology class plans a study on how divorce affects families of procreation. Which grouping does she recruit as participants in her study? 2 parents and the children they are raising 21. Most Western societies use both law and cultural norms to promote monogamy. Accordingly, in societies with these laws and norms, we can expect to see: 2, and only 2, partners in a marriage 22. The family plays an important role in adults’ lives by giving them emotional support. Sociologist Talcott Parsons called this: personality stabilization 23. Functionalism describes the functional value of social roles. This theory describes, in traditional families, the husband as breadwinner, which is the ____ role, whereas the wife manages the home and children in the ____ role. Instrumental; affective 24. A sociologist observes that couples today express a desire for equality and symmetry, but in reality, women still do much more housework than men. If the sociologist develops this observation into a research study, which theoretical perspective is most directly related to the topic? Feminist 25. Where as earlier schools of thought focused on the family as a unit, feminist thinkers instead considered the: dynamics between people within families 26. Scholars have shown that the nature of the family in premodern times was very impermanent what is one of the likely reasons that this was true? There was a high rate of overall mortality, which tended to dissolve family structures more frequently 27.Which of the following best characterizes the family in the United States today? It has only one parent, or both the husband and wife are employed. 28. The long history of "family" and the family as a unit has been a major obstacle for those seeking marital bliss as same-sex couples. Worldwide, changes have been substantial in the past decade. Today, same-sex marriages: have experienced increasing support in the United States and abroad 29.Annette Lareau found that children of middle-class parents tended to have a sense of entitlement while those of lower-class families tended to have a sense of constraint. Her work attributes different child-rearing practices to differences in: social class 30.What is one factor that increases the likelihood a person will get a divorce at some point in his or her life? bearing children outside marriage 31.The trend toward marriage at a later age is unmistakable, and scholars have suggested many reasons for this. How has the increase in women's participation in the labor force along with career establishment played a role in accelerating this trend? The increased economic independence of women has helped foster a deterioration in men's economic position and their desirability as mates. 32.Emily moves in with her girlfriend, Aniqa. A sociologist interviews Emily about cohabitation, and Emily expresses a common reason for cohabiting. What does Emily say? "I love spending time with Aniqa, and this gives us more time together." 33.Which of the following are more likely to divorce at some point in the life cycle? those who cohabit more than once before marriage 34.What type of sanction is applied only by people officially designated to enforce norms? Formal 35.When peer groups make fun of someone's clothes, what type of sanction is this an example of? Informal 36.Jill's cell phone rang during an exam, and other students in the class turned around and stared at her. The instructor took the opportunity to remind the class that all cell phones should be turned off and put away. Both the class and the instructor used the moment to perform: boundary maintenance 37.The two theories explaining deviance that are classified as interactionist are: differential association and labeling theory 38.Paul lives in a high-crime area. Many of the people he sees in the course of a day and knows are involved in criminal activities, thus increasing his opportunity to learn criminal behavior. Which of the following concepts best explains why Paul might engage in crime? differential association 39.In the movie "One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest," one of the patients in the mental hospital tells the other inmates that they are not crazy and they should not act as though they are just because the head nurse tells them they are. Which of the following theories best explains the patients' behaviors? labeling 40.With which of the following statements might a conflict theorist most closely agree? Deviant behavior could be a response to inequalities in capitalist society. 41.Alisa's neighborhood is usually quiet, but the local newspaper reported an increase in criminal activity there. One morning, Alisa found her garage vandalized and covered in paint and eggs. She did not have time to clean up the mess right away. Later that week, Alisa's neighbor found his car windshield shattered. What type of theorist would be the most likely to agree with the idea that a vandalized garage could lead to more crime? broken windows 42.Which of the following explanations for not cheating on this exam is supported by control theory? You sit in the front of the class and are afraid of getting caught. 43.Since the early 1990s, what has been the trend in reported crime rates in the United States? Both violent and property crime rates have decreased. 44.Most rapes in the United States are: not reported to the police 45.Distribution of white-collar crime is very difficult to measure in contrast to other types of crime primarily because: these crimes rarely appear in any statistical reports 46.Sometime in 2010, computer experts discovered the existence of a computer virus later named Stuxnet. It was never discovered how the virus was developed or where it originated. The purpose of this malicious software was to attack certain types of machinery used by Iran to enrich nuclear material. What is this an example of? Cybercrime 47.Which of the following most accurately describes the number of people in U.S. prisons? The United States has the highest incarceration rate per capita in the world. 48.Police forces have grown steadily in the past 30 years in response to public demands for more protection. How has this affected the rate of violent crime in the United States? No causal relationship between the number of police and violent crime rates has been identified. 49.According to your textbook authors, if everyone is a rule follower, does this lead to a more equitable society? Not always; strict adherence to the rules sometimes limits opportunities for upward mobility. 50.African Americans make up around what percent of the current prison population? 35