● Growth ○ Exponential increase from 500M in 1960 => 1.42B(2023) ○ Increase could be seen between 70s-2000s ■ Economic development + better healthcare ■ Life expectancy increases ■ Decreased infant mortality rates = raise in population ● Peak (estimation) ○ Will peak in 1.5B sometimes in 2050 (UN estimation) ○ Slow growth might be expected ■ Decline in fertility rate ■ Urbanization ■ Female education ■ Advanced family planning ● Decline ○ First drop ■ 1.18B in 2090 ■ By aging population + lower fertility rates Phase India Global Trend Peak Growth 1970s–1990s Africa (current) Peak Population ~1.58B (2050) ~9.7B (2064) Decline Trigger Fertility < replacement Global decline post-2080s ● Dividend (present -2050) ○ Most working age within population = high economic potential ○ When education is evenly given ● Age crisis (2050+) ○ pension/healthcare ○ Elderly dependency ratio will increase ● Pressure of resource ○ In peak populations stresses in resource will occur ○ Limited resources in ■ Food ■ Water ■ Infrastructure ○ India already have crisis in infrastructure. ■ The present infrastructure can not withhold current population ■ Limiting the growth potential ● Global ○ India had surpassed Chinese population in 2023 Indian suggestions ● Investment needed ○ Health care infrastructure ○ Vocational training ○ Sustainable agriculture is needed ● Gender ○ Women education ○ Unemployment ○ State with high fertility ■ Bihar UP ● Urban planning ○ Must prepare for megacities ■ Density must be resolved ● Economic transitions ○ Vocational training (AI robotics) ■ India is planning for 500 districts for A.I. development with 50M reskilled by 2040 ○ Agricultural tech ■ Solar gids ● Planning for 1M farms ● Drone based farming ○ MSME Boost ■ 0% GST in green infrastructure Agritech is expected to increase by 3X by 2035