Perception Process involves sensation + perception Will give assumption on interaction with biological psychological and environmental factors ● Environmental ○ Needed during early critical period ■ Development of sensory system ○ Stimuli activated ■ Sensory receptor ■ Receive then transduce it ○ Learning experience makes us to import environmental event ■ Apply past knowledge on what will happen next ■ Cultural experience may influence how to perceive and respond ● ex) Pain perception + medical treatment ○ Western Culture ■ Biomedical treatment, patients might ask for painkillers directly ○ Some parts of Asia and Indigenous cultures ■ Spiritual and emotional signs ■ Endurance is valued more than escape from pain ■ Exposure of pain is avoided as it might burden others ■ Underreporting of pain clinically ● Under treatment of some areas ● Psychological ○ Stimuli given as psychological definition ■ Attentive to stimuli for our health ○ Gestalt principle ■ Similarity ● Similar elements (colors and shapes) ○ Error message in red stands out in a group ■ Continuity ● Follow paths and lines with continuous pattern ○ Curved row might look like continuous flowing line ■ Closure ● Fill gaps will state incompetent to complete ○ WWF panda logo even if its unfinished with gaps still can assume its panda ● Biological ○ Sensory system makes connection to environment possible ○ Transduce them into nerve impulse ○ Sensory input could be analyzed through detectors ■ Top-down ● Using prior knowledge and context for sensory information ● Starts form larger objects and then scale it down ● Filling in the details ● Brain knows existing schemes ○ memory , beliefs, knowledges ● These may cause optical illusions Brain will process this image differently based on individuals experience or knowledge ● Guides attention and fills in details from existing data ○ It is impacted much by experiences ● ex) reading ○ Recognized misspelled word ○ TEH = THE based on past knowledge in reading and writing ■ Bottom up ● Raw sensory input (sounds textures) ○ Forms complete perceptions ○ Build up details to make perception of a whole ● Sensory detects information/stimuli ● Brain assemble small pieces to make it into patterns or objects ● Prior knowledge is not required in this stage ● ex) vision ○ Document unfamiliar object by looking at its color and shapes ● ex) hearing ○ Could identify new bird by identifying pitch and rhythm