One health ● There are many ways to from the concept of one healths ○ Health of people, animals and environment are all inextricably linked to each other ● Two types ○ Environmental conditions that don't cause disease ○ Environmental condition that facilitate disease ■ Pathogens ● Pathogens that could go between human and animals ○ Zoonotic disease(including EIDs of human) ■ Humans ■ Animals ○ Relationship between host and humans go under certain environment ○ Environment could define infection of human could or could not happen Zoonotic diseases ● CDC definitions ○ Infection spread between animals and people ● Most emerging infectious disease of human are zoonotic ○ More than 60% of human infectious disease are zoonotic ○ About 75% of emerging infectious disease are zoonotic ● Multiple types of pathogens ○ Viruses ○ Bacteria ○ Protozoan parasites ○ Fungi ○ Prions ● Recent epidemics/pandemics ○ Caused by zoonotic pathogens ○ Viral disease ○ Originated in wildlife ● Emergence driven by ○ Ecology ○ Behavior ○ Socioeconomics Zoonotic disease transmission ● Direct contact ○ Contact with an infected animal ○ Can be touching bites socrates ● Indirect contacts ○ Contact with areas where animals live or object that have been contaminated ○ Soil,chicken coops, plants, pet habitats ● Vector borne ○ Mosquitoes, tick, fleas ● Food Borne ○ Unpasteurized milk ○ Undercooked meats or eggs ○ Raw fruits and vegetables Zoonotic diseases primarily affects the rural poor and marginalized ● Lack of access to sanitations, healthcare, nutrients ● Rural communities have greater exposure to zoonoses ○ Direct contact with wildlife ○ Rely on wild game species for food ○ Indirect contact with areas contaminated by animals ○ Increased contact with ○ disease vectors ○ Food borne illness Rabies Viruses ● Rhabdovirus ● Enveloped ssRNA(-) virus ● Host range for all species of mammals ○ Only certain species act as viral reservoirs ○ NA ■ Skunks,raccoons,foxes,coyotes,bats ○ Low and middle income countries ■ Dogs and wildlife ● Disease ○ 2-10 days acute period,flu like symptoms ○ Cerebral dysfunction and central nervous system ○ Once clinical sing appear, disease is always fatal