Polio
● Endemic before widespread of vaccines
● 1916 outbreak in North America
○ 6000 died
○ 27,000 paralyzed
● Outbreak in hot climates
○ Most devastating in tropical nations
■ May be related to usage of water
■ Oral-Oral
■ Fecal Oral infection
● Highly infectious
○ 7-10 days needed before symptoms
■ Infectious for 6 weeks
■ Due to hideout, extremely difficult to eradicate
● Transmission is only from human to human
○ Vaccination may be the key
■ After vaccination in the 90s the incident rate has dropped exponentially
■ In 2013 only 416 incident cases
● In Western nations polio is eradicated
○ Pakistan,Afghanistan and Nigeria is still in Endemic ■ In relatively small scale
■ They are all Tropical region
■ Still global concern
● These patients can move to any country at any time
■ We have still monitored the Polio trait in waste water in Canada even
though it was eradicated.
● Still needs to be aware
● Constant monitoring is essential
● Planes to prevent
○ Vaccinations
■ Human-human infection only
■ If there's no host human no more spread
○ Surveillance/monitoring
○ Improving sanitation
■ Most are from untreated water source
○ Impoverished environment have hardness to access childrens