Classical Rome ● 753 BCE: Foundation of Rome ● 509 BCE: Foundation of Republic ● 272 BCE Conquest of Peninsular Italy Complete ● 264-241 BCE: First Punic War ● 218-201 BCE: Second Punic War ● 149-146 BCE: Third Punic War ● 146 BCE” Sack of Corinth ● 58-50 BCE: Conquest of Gaul ● 44 BCE: Assassination of Julius Caesar Roman Empire in 146 BCE ● Purple ○ Controlled as 264 BCE ○ Includes Italian Peninsula ○ In 272 BCE Italian Peninsula was conquested ● Orange ○ Controlled by Carthage in 264 BCE ○ Carthage was powerful nation in the Northern Africa ○ Used to control North Africa Sicily Sardinia, Corsica, Southern Iberian Peninsula ● Light Purple ○ Added by Rome in 146 BCE ○ Added during and after Punic war ● Checked ○ Added by Rome after third Punic war Roman Empire by 44BCE ● With assassination of Julius Caesar ○ End of Roman Republic ■ This is not by assassination of Julius Caesar ● The rise of Julius Caesar had already weakened power of republic system ● Civil war was triggered by his death ● Instead of restoring republic (what they hoped for) ○ Rise of Second Trimutive ■ After assassination of Julius ● Octavius had joined Mark Antony and Lepidus ○ Was to defeat whom had assassinated Julius ○ Octtavian was heir of Julius ○ Later Agustus ● Trio had formed Second Trimutive ○ Absolute power ○ Fall of republic ○ Rome’s Shift to Empire ■ Centralized power instead of Senate ■ Emerging in Function not by name Aspect Impact in 44 BCE Government Republic collapsing; Dictatorship emerging Military Legions loyal to generals (Caesar or Antony) Public Support Caesar was popular than Senates Senate’s Role Weakened Both Caesar and Antony claim to be successor of Julius