Roman imperial expansion (14-117 CE) ● Conquest by Agustus(30 BCE-14CE) ○ Added regions ■ Egypts ● After defeating Mark Antony and Cleopatra ● Significant ○ Personal possession of emperor ○ Provided wealth ■ Parts of Spain ● Galatia ● Judaea ● Roman Empire by 14CE (Death of Agustus) ○ Spain Gaul,Italy,Greece, parts of North Africa(Carthage) and Asia ○ Border in Rhine and Danube River ■ Defend against Germanic tribes ● Roman Empire at 117CE ○ Trajan Empire ○ Largest size of Empire ■ Dacia-gold mine ■ Mesopotamia Armenia ■ Arabia Petraea ● Territories Gained and lost by Trajan(114-117 CE) ○ Mesopotamia and beyond Euphrates river ○ After Trajan, Hadrian had pulled back border to more defensible borders Importance of Borders ● Trade/Economy ○ Control Mediterranean trade routes ○ Major resource zones ● Cultural Diffusion ○ Roman law ○ Language ○ Architecture has spread widely ● Military strains ○ Larger border=more troops ○ More costly war ● Multi ethnic Empire ○ Greeks ○ Gauls ○ Jews ○ Egyptians ○ Syrians ● Height of Empire ○ 117 CE controlled over 60 million of 3 continents Augustus to Trajan ● Roman grew more powerful ● Britain to Mesopotamia ● Sahara to Rhine ● But harder to govern ○ Multi ethnic group ● Harder to defend ○ Resulted in Hadrian to pull back territory to defend