Relias Test Q&A Guide

relias quizzes if a behavior analyst watched jimmy for 5 minute periods and recorded if he were humming for any part of that 5 minutes period, she would be using partial interval recording which kind of data should be recorded on a graph for visual analysis? all data frequency recording would be appropriate to use for which behavior? key strokes if a behavior analyst measured the length of time that it took andrew to respond to someone calling him, she would be measuring the latency an operational definition is used for a behavior so that two independent observers will agree on occurrences and non-occurrences of the behavior when labeling the vertical or y-axis you should indicate the specific measurement of behavior true outcome recording could be used for which behavior? writing an essay indirect assessment consists of interviews, rating scales, questions, surveys, etc. what is the first step in creating a behavioral treatment? define the behavior and select a measurement technique find the best definition for hitting forceful contact between the learner's hand and another person a behavior intervention plan is a guide for parents, teachers and other professionals on how to decrease inappropriate behavior and/or behaviors kyle walked into his clasroom. the teacher told him to get his math book. kyle fell to the floor. the teacher went to tell the principal about his behavior instead of doing the math lesson. what was the antecedent to falling on the floor being told to get his math book what is an antecedent? an event that sets the stage for the behavior and occurs in close proximity to the behavior topography is the same as form; what the behavior looks like before you can make a hypothesis about the function(s) of the target behavior, you must do all of the following except tell the parents to skip medication for a day so you can rule out medication effects in a real observation, it is important to do which of the following? record several instances of the behavior in several settings which of the following could be a Motivating Operation? Tommy hasn't eaten today and is very hungry what situation might warrant a functional assessment of problem behavior and a behavior intervention plan? candace throws items at her peers during class. this happens several times/hour which of the following is not socially mediated? automatic reinforcement the function of a behavior can change based on setting and people present an important ethical question to ask yourself when setting up a behavior change program is how will this benefit the individual? which of the following behaviors is observable and allows for data collection? hitting with open hand what are the 4 functions of behavior? access to tangibles, to gain attention, escape, automatic behavioral definitions must be both observable and measurable to maintain organization, what choices should you give yourself throw it away, route it to someone else, act on it now or file it and for every piece of paper you receive or generate? put it on your master to-do list what is not appropriate to document in a communication log book? comments critical of others what are two of the highest priorities in record keeping when providing services to people with disabilities? the person's preferences, and communication between coworkers what are the five rules of incident report writing? write for an audience, account for everyone and everything, be clear and chronological, be timely and complete, consider the attachments 1 / 14 what are three things that work together to ensure the person is living a life that reflects their needs and desires? the service plan, your support of the person based on this plan and the documentation of your support maintaining accurate documentation while dependably providing excellent services requires what from you? good judgement to strike a balance what are two things you need to maintain if you assist a person with banking and bill paying? a transaction record and a reconciliation of the transaction complete this sentence; Documentation and record keeping are important to ensure accountability, coordination of care between yourself and other supports and to guide the improvement of services what are two reasons that documentation is beneficial? more complete communication in emergencies, and more accurate assessments, will improve services to the person good record keeping assures that the team is not making decisions based on random impressions but on what? valid information what is the purpose of writing and reviewing accurate and complete incident reports? to prevent recurrences of that incident your documentation, when reviewed, will help to assure the person is receiving comprehensive services what is purpose of the communication log? to inform other supporters of daily events they need to know in order to provide a continuity of quality care what are two things you can do to organize and prepare for each use a to-do list and keep a calendar to review what is up ahead day ahead of time? high quality documentation is important because it can result in which of these outcomes? a full and safe life for the person served in addition to having knowledge of the service plan what are your to provide and document the services you give to the person as responsibilities related to it? outlined in the plan what can your documentation related to a person's health screen- that they are receiving the health screenings that are recommendings help to ensure? ed for their sex, age, and medical conditions when you document you should attempt to document only what was observed, not interpretations of what was observed what is one thing you can do while you are working to remember details or events you will document later? carry a note pad around when working to jot down notes to transcribe later what is one thing you can do to maximize accuracy of what you document when assessing a person? document immediately after an observation the purpose of using time delay when prompting is to fade prompts and transfer the response to the SD a phonemic prompt is a small verbal prompt that gets the learner to emit the desired response what is the best prompt to use when first teaching imitation? physical prompts breaking a complex skill into smaller, teachable units is the definition of task analysis what kind of prompt is being used when the teacher flashes the light off then on to get the students' attention? visual prompt discrimination training requires one response and two antecedent conditions during episodes of non-compliance, it may be necessary to use which type of prompt? physical task analysis is the first step in chaining johnny is reinforced for saying ba, then baba, then bottle, this is an example of what procedure? shaping when teaching a new behavior, you should use which type of prompt hierarchy? most to least the three steps of discrimination training are teach in isolation, add distracters, mix in mastered items true or false: video modeling is a new area of research in the field of education and behavior analysis false video modeling is beneficial because 2 / 14 some children with autism already imitate videos and watching videos is often reinforcing when creating video-self modeling videos, you videotape the student engaging in the desired behavior and edit out any other behaviors when teaching a new skill you should use multiple stimuli to help establish functional relationships, you should do which things? perform preference assessments and allow the child to choose the task/activity what can you do to teach a concept in a way that will more easily teach with many different examples of the same item or activity generalize to the other person, settings and related behaviors? which of the following methods are based on the principles of ABA both DTI and NaTS True or false: both discrete trial instruction and naturalistic teaching strategies are established treatments for developmental disorders true true or false: what someone says they want is the best predictor of reinforcer effectiveness false there is a functional relationship between a behavior and a consequence when that behavior naturally produces that consequence both dti and nats involve all of the following except providing only one trial of each skill rob is learning body parts, and loves frogs. his teacher draws a frog, but leaves out parts of its body. when he points at the missing part, she prompts him to say the body part, then draws it. this is an example of nats because the reinforcer was directly related to the material being taught in discrete trial instruction the reinforcer _____ related to the material being taught and in naturalistic teaching strategies the reinforcer _______ related to the material being taught is not/is which of the following is true about mand training? motivation is needed to appropriately teach manding free operant preference assessments involve watching what your learner chooses to do when they can play with anything available multiple examplar training refers to using many different stimuli to teach a skill to promote generalization if an RBT is unknowingly assigned to work with a relative, which of the following is the best course of action for the RBT to take? inform the supervisor and ask not to work with the client your supervisor tells you to use a strategy you have no idea how tell the supervisor immediately that you do not know how to use to use. what is the best response to the request? the strategy and ask for them to demonstrate it which of the following is an example of a dual relationship? tina and lois are best friends. lois is an rbt who works with tina's son which of the following types of interventions are RBT's allowed to use? scientifically based behavioral interventions sarah works as an rbt in the local school system. she was at a party, drank one too many drinks and was arrested while intoxicated. the next monday after the incident, she informed the supervisor and the bacb what had happened rbt's must document the data from the session and any other relevant information if an intervention is implemented with a "high degree of fidelity," it is implemented consistently and accurately when is it acceptable to videotape a client receiving an intervention? if the client and family provide informed consent, which means they know why the videotaping is occurring which of the following violates the professional and compliance a brochure that states "ABA can ensure that your child will speak code element that addresses "disseminating accurate information within 3 weeks of starting therapy" about behavior analysis" which of the following statements is the best way to describe this after John has written 3 letters of his name, give him a small piece particular behavioral intervention to a parent of a child receiving of crunchy cereal the intervention 3 / 14 according to the professional and ethical compliance code, clients and their families have a right to your background check and credentials which of the following tasks are RBTs allowed to perform? implement behavior change programs before a behavior change plan can be developed, what has to happen? an assessment of the client's skills and needs must be conducted ellen is an RBT who works with clients with autism in their homes. currently, she sees 3 children every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday for 2 hours at a time. each of them lives 15-30 miles from speak with her supervisor about the situation and offer to work each other. by the time she gets to the last child she works with with the RBT who can take over therapy for her current third child on those days, she is exhausted and doesn't always do as good for those days of a job as she knows she can do. she is offered an opportunity to work with another child who lives 2 miles from the second child she sees those days. what should she do? if you take a job working with adults on the autism spectrum but have only worked with children on the autism spectrum, which of the following should you do? get training in working with that population which of the following is an example of overzealous intrusive intervention? an RBT running over to a client who is slapping himself and screaming for help while they are trying to hold the person's hands which of the following statements is true? accurate data is always necessary for building behavior change plans and measuring progress under what circumstances is it alright not to take data immediately after a behavior occurs when the demands of the intervention or the behavior of the person precludes taking data immediately if an intrusive intervention such as punishment or physical inter- make sure the client and data are monitored for unintended side vention must be used, it is important to effects and the rate of progress which of the following evidence based practices in ABA could help someone learn to communicate their wants and needs? functional communication training which of the following is an example of a harmful reinforcer an entire box of cookies after using the toilet independently felicity is working with 8 year old Marcus today. she has completed her RBT training and all the company training. she has spent 5 which of the following reflects treatment by competent personell hours shadowing other therapists working with Marcus and has completed 2 successful sessions with him under the observation of the BCBA the united nations general assembly provided a standard for the rights of all humans mack is a 6 year old boy with autism and intense behavioral make one staffing change at a time and not change out other staff needs. his aba team must make some staff changes. which of the until the new staff member on the team can work independently following scenarios would likely have the least negative impact on and successfully with mack mack? you need to help maria, a 15 year old girl learning to put on in a private bathroom where you can prompt her through each step deodorant independently. which environment would you choose appropriately to teach this skill in order to preserve her dignity you can track your learners progress in mands by taking frequency data and graphing the results to be analyzed over time when you alter the environment to create motivation for something, you are contriving and capturing motivating operations james is reaching for a gummy worm you have in your hand and he isn't saying "gummy". what is the most intrusive prompt you can give? model the word "gummy" (ethical prompt) a mand is controlled by motivation why do most professionals in the field of ABA recommend to start teaching language by teaching an individual to mand? because mands benefit the speaker, they say it, they get it all of the following are important benefits of mand training except mand training will increase receptive language skills which two of the following behaviors are examples of a mand antecedent: lucy smells popcorn and wants it. behavior: lucy says "popcorn" consequence: teacher gives lucy some popcorn 4 / 14 what does it mean to sanitize the environment? prevent free access to items the students wants so they can mand for it when deciding what mands to teach you should do a preference assessment to determine what motivates your learner teaching your studen to mand can decrease problem behaviors they can now use functional communication to get their needs met because instead of problem behavior true or false: if there is no MO or motivation, there is no mand true motivating operations are changes in the environment that temporarily increases the value of a particular object or event clapping upon seeing another individual clapping is an example of what behavior? imitation (mimetic behavior) who wrote Verbal Behavior and broke down language into verbal operants? skinner skinner's analysis of verbal behavior emphasizes______ in addition to the form of language function a woman saying "Cynthia" after being asked "what's your name" is an example of which verbal operant? intraverbal a man approaches a pizza counter and says, "may i have a slice of cheese?" this is an example of which verbal operant? mand responses from this operant occur when someone names an item that is contacted through on of their five senses, these responses are maintained by non-specific reinforcement tacts another term for listener responding is receptive language behavior that is evoked by another's verbal behavior, such as conversation, can be best described as intraverbal when people say "MO" this are referring to which of the following motivating operation non-specific reinforcement includes all of the following except the object that was named vocal imitation is synonymous with echoic behavior the following is a definition of what: the transfer of skills over time, to untrained responses, and across different environments generalization in the most common terms, a tact is a label which of the following would be transfer trial: the teacher presents the SD with an echoic prompt, the student responds correctly so next the teacher will present the SD but this time fade or omit the echoic prompt if teaching an object, such as car, you should continue opportunities to teach multiple tacts surrounding each item (label the color, function, size, etc.) there must be a motivating operation (MO) to evoke a tact false at what age has a child's tact vocabulary first increased to over 1000 item 4 pick the best definition for tact a type of expressive language used to label or describe objects, actions, and characteristics in a learners environment probe data is very time consuming, but also the most accurate false stimuli in the environment that signal behavior and that are associated with reinforcement is the definition for discriminative stimuli (SDs) cameron has tantrums and noncompliance for the function of escaping a task. what antecedent intervention would be best to use in the BIP stimulus demand fading a behavior intervention plan is developed to decrease problem behaviors and teach or increase replacement behaviors in all settings non-contingent attention 5 / 14 joseph engages in shouting behaviors for the function of gaining attention. what antecedent interventions would be best to use in the bip? levi screams whenever he wants his helicopter toy. what would be a good antecedent intervention? functional communication training (Teach manding/requesting) using __________ to prevent problem behaviors is considered the proactive approach antecedent interventions if escape behaviors are occurring frequently, it is often due to the reinforcement schedule being too thin all of the following are MOs except being angry ______ the pace of instruction can decrease the likelihood of escape behaviors increasing the inter-trial interval should be approximately 1/2 second stimulus control is when a behavior is emitted more often in the presence of a particular discriminative stimulus than in its absence there are three types of behavior intervention strategies in the behavior plan. they are antecedent intervention, replacement behaviors, and consequence interventions errorless teaching would be most appropriate to prevent behaviors to escape/avoid something which of the following is a good receptive skills program for early learners? receptive identification of body parts which of the following is an example of receptive language/listener responding touching or looking at a picture or object when it is named objects are generally presented before pictures when teaching receptive identifications true which of the following is an example of non-specific reinforcement? behavior: child, "cookie", consequence: child is given a cookie behavior: teacher, "go wash your hands" consequence: child washes hands and given a cookie in receptive identification it is recommended that the array of items should increase in size and become messier in the receptive instructions program, generally the first step should be give instructions to perfrom preferred tasks in context listener responding involves responding _____ to the verbal behavior of another non-verbally if shown an array of photos and asked, "give me the one that you jump on?" this is an example of function when you alter the environment to create motivation for something you are contriving and capturing motivating operations true or false: typical children mand hundreds of times per hour true there are a number of modes of communication you can teach in mand training. all of the following are good options to teach in mand training except pulling person towards desired item which one of the following scenarios provide an example of a mand? antecedent: lucy smells popcorn and wants it. behavior: lucy says, "popcorn". consequence: teacher gives lucy some popcorn when a learner begins to become noncompliant, it is most likely due to they are not getting enough reinforcement and the schedule of reinforcement is too thin a learner will be more likely to perform behaviors that earn him more reinforcement than he would a behavior that produces less reinforcement. this refers to which characteristic of reinforcement? magnitude behaviors that are reinforced more often than others will be more likely to occur again in the future. this corresponds with which variable of reinforcement? rate the first step of establishing instructional control is pairing yourself, the teaching environment and the setting with reinforcement 6 / 14 you should do the following deliver praise and name the item being targeted as you deliver the reinforcer you will know pairing has taken place when the child approaches you instead of avoids you non contingent reinforcement is delivered independent of the child's behavior present difficult (acquisition) tasks approximately _______ percent of the the 20 this term refers to how hard or how much the learner needs to work in order to obtain the reinforcer effort once pairing has taken place, the teacher can become a ________ reinforcer conditioned the matching law states that relative rates of responding tend to equal the relative rates of reinforcement they produce what is one reason it may be difficult for a person with a disability they may fear retaliation for reporting certain individuals who assist to self report abuse or maltreatment them what is a mandatory reporter any individual who is required by law to report any suspected abuse or allegations of abuse true or false: false reports and neglect are very common for people with disabilities false true or false: allegations that go unreported are just as serious as the actual abuse or neglect true all of the following are ways DSPs can help reduce risk factors for limit the person's social circle to reduce exposure to perpetrators abuse and neglect except what? which of the following best describes a trigger something that easily sets you off and causes an immediate, often, emotional, reaction a 2009 study found that what percentage of family caregivers for older adults with cognitive disabilities and dementia reported abusing their family member? 30% all of the following are considered behavioral signs of abuse, except what? appearing with torn, stained, or bloody clothing which of the following is one stress management technique that can help prevent burnout? talking to a professional if you witness an abusive situation that is dangerous or life-threat- Take immediate action to remove anyone in the area from harm ening, what should you do? and call 911. you provide support for roberto, a man with mild intellectual disability. while talking to him one day, he casually mentions that sometimes his sister (his fiduciary guardian) uses his SSI check to pay her rent. what is the most appropriate course of action to take? contact your agency's designated investigator non-accidental, inappropriate contact or the use of force with an individual that causes injury or physical pain is considered which type of abuse? physical abuse if someone communicates with you about an incident of abuse and neglect, what is the best way to respond to the individual? Believe what they are telling you. Mohinder has Down's syndrome and lives in a group home. tom, who works at the group home, asks mohinder to loan him money Yes, it is considered financial abuse because Tom is making perfor lunch, which he then pays back after his next paycheck. is this sonal use of Mohinder's resources. abuse, and if so, why? which of the following is not true of neglect neglect only occurs to older adults with disabilities who is the first person you should report allegations of abuse and neglect to your agency's designated investigator which of the following is a risk factor for abuse and neglect that is common for people with IDD? increased dependency on others for long term care 7 / 14 which of the following is not true of abuse and neglect committed abuse and neglect committed by care providers is so rare that it by care providers? isn't considered a problem skinner's analysis of verbal behavior emphasizes _______ in addition to the form of language function who wrote Verbal Behavior and broke down language into verbal operants skinner _______ are usually the first form of communication to develop in typically developing children mands a man approaches a pizza counter and says "may i have a slice of cheese?" this is an example of which verbal operant mand which operant directly benefits the speaker? the mand a woman saying "cynthia" after being asked "what is your name" is an example of which verbal operant intraverbal clapping upon seeing another individual clapping is an example of what behavior imitation (mimetic behavior) when people say MO this are referring to which of the following motivating operation billy saying "my name is ricky" after ricky said "my name is ricky" is an example of which verbal operant? echoic which of the following best explains why discrete trails are effective information is broken down into small parts that are taught syswith those who have learning difficulties tematically and reinforced which of the following is a similarity between discrete trial instruc- both require that skills be broken down into small steps in order to tion and naturalistic techniques be taught what the learner does after receiving a discriminative stimulus is called a response or behavior in discrete trial instruction, the time after one trial ends and the other begins is called the intertrial interval the results of lovaas studies yielded remarkable gains on intelligence tests in discrete trial instruction, a short instruction delivered to a learner is called a discriminative stimulus (SD) in discrete trial instructions, a consequence can be either a reinforcer or a prompt errorless learning typically uses most to least prompt sequences in discrete trial instruction, least to most prompting sequences are the learner can respond correctly to the discriminative stimulus most commonly used when around 85% of the time in order for a reinforcer to be effective, which of the following is true a deprivation state for that particular item must exist the "knowns" serve all the following purposes, except they are used to keep reinforcement very thin. true or false: instructions (SDs) should be delivered in a variety of ways true in the normal progress in ITT, materials go from being an orderly to messy array what is a very common type of data used in ITT that takes little time cold probe true or false: if the child starts engaging in task avoidance because the reinforcement grew too thin, we should bring reinforcement back to a very dense schedule within that sitting false the following is an example of which transfer procedure? SD: point to the cat? R: child points to cat SD: what is it? (holding cat card) R:child says "cat" Listener response to tact transfer what assessments can be helpful in setting up a VB program? ABLLS-R and the VB-MAPP in ITT, the format is SD/Instruction - Response using transfer trials will help eliminate prompt dependency 8 / 14 when our learner is on a roll with responding, reinforcement should be continued at current levels or increased. all the following factors should be considered when determining which skills to target except skills that are easiest for the instructor to teach when teaching in ITT, the goal is to fade the frequency of reinforcement from a(n) ________ schedule to a(n) _______ schedule continuous and intermittent errorless teaching uses a _______ to _________ prompt heirarchy most/least all of the following should be taken into consideration when choosing targets, except Sounds/words that have multiple syllables. similar to classical conditioning, when a ________ such as parent vocalizations are paired with a _______ such as food, the vocalizations may become reinforcing themselves neutral stimulus/ reinforcer when children produce sounds that resemble those produced by their parents, these sounds may function as Automatic Reinforcement as the student becomes more proficient with verbal imitation, what procedure should be used to shape articulation differential reinforcement which is an example of echoic behavior A "candy"--> B "candy"--> C non-specific reinforcement in the beginning level learner you may first want to target sounds or parts of words stimulus stimulus pairing is a fancy name for the procedure of Pairing reinforcement with vocalizations so talking alone provides reinforcement true or false: it can be useful to choose imitation targets that are True, this overlapping can make the transfer of skills more natural. being addressed in other program areas the four areas of motor imitation are Toy/Object Imitation, Gross Motor Imitation, Fine Motor Imitation, and Oral Motor Imitation. it's important to remember that _____ action(s) should be taught for the same toy in imitation multiple which is the proper abc form of imitative (mimetic) behavior A-stimulus involving motor movement by a model, B-non-verbal and mimics the movements of the model, C-reinforcement of the imitative behavior for ASD children that do not easily acquire imitation, skills may need to be broken down into basic components, directly taught, and reinforced. it is important to remember throughout imitative skills training that the end goal is to have the student imitate others in his natural environment. ___________ is perhaps the most fundamental means of acquiring new behaviors and knowledge for humans imitation true or false: the SD "raise arms" should be used to teach imitation (mimetic behavior) false what does the professional and ethical compliance code of the BACB remind us about communication and interactions with clients and families to interact with families and clients in a way that is free from bias and discrimination when you have a conversation with a family member about a client, you should find a quiet private and quiet spot when RBTs communicate with families they should use observable and measureable terms what are 3 types of written communication RBTs have to provide Data, incident reports, session notes what are the most common reasons to ask questions in a professional interaction to start a conversation, gain information, to show interest in a persons ideas when interacting with and communicating with families, it is important to focus on what the person is saying which of the following is an example of a conflict of interest with a client's family offering to babysit for the family 9 / 14 why is it important to model optimism when working with a client with disabilities to allow families to see what their loved one can do why is it important to establish a healthy professional relationship because you need to be able to communicate important informawith a client's family? tion back and forth which of the following is an example of a multiple or dual relation- tina and lois are best friends. lois is an RBT who works with tina's ship son which of the following is an example of an exploitive relationship a client's mother dating his RBT In receptive identification it is recommended that the array of items should: Increase in size and become messier If a child can respond correctly to "Touch the car," but not respond correctly to "Touch the one you drive," they may be missing what skill? Listener Responding for Function Feature and Class when teaching receptive identification it is useful to begin with identification of Preferred stimuli listener responding invoves responding ________ to the verbal behavior of another non-verbally which of the following is an example of receptive language/ listener responding Touching or looking at a picture or object when it is named which of the following is not an example of receptive identification Do you have a cat? objects are generally presented before pictures when teaching receptive identification true a good behavioral definition is Operational what is another name for a fast trigger antecedent Extinction is withholding the __________that previously maintained a behavior. reinforcement What will guide you to an appropriate intervention? Function of the behavior antecedent interventions will be implemented Before the behavior spontaneous recovery is most commonly associated with extinction When Keenan and his mother go to the zoo, Keenan always whines to ride the train. Most of the time his mother says "no," but she has reinforced his whining on a very thin variable schedule when she is really tired she might say "yes." Why is this behavior not likely to be easily extinguished? punishment can cause all of the following unwanted side effects except the behavior may increase in frequency indefinitely. which of the following should be used first when dealing with problem behaviors Antecedent interventions After Johnny threw his toys, his teacher gave him a gentle reprimand and told him that throwing was not nice. Later that day Johnny threw his toys four times. Why is this not an example of punishment? He threw his toys four times after the reprimand. which of the following is an example of overcorrection Claire has to write a sorry letter to the teacher and all of her friends when she yells at her friends in class. The I in DRI stands for... incompatible all of the following should be included in a behavior plan except Diagnosis of child Extinction is the most difficult to use with ___________ maintained behaviors. automatically the fundamental values of the quality of life approach are equality, empowerment and self determination education and training supports are Supports that build competence and skill. natural supports are All of a persons relationships, associations, and networks. 10 / 14 Which core domain are you exploring when you ask the question: how does this person feel when they wake up in the morning Physical Well-Being which core domain are you exploring when you ask the question:does this person worry or have serious concerns about things that matter to them emotional well-being the idea behind Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is that *If a persons basic needs are not met, that person will find it much harder to fill their higher needs (love, respect). in order to be effective, a quality of life approach to services must be used in the context of a system of individualized supports which core domain are you exploring when you ask the question: does this person have opportunities to get to know the people in their neighborhood and be member of local organizations social inclusion which core domain are you exploring when you ask the question: what kind of feedback does this person get from family and friends? interpersonal relationship when people refer to the medical model of disability they are speaking of how disability used to be viewed as A medical problem caused by people who are born "wrong" or with "defects." the personal outcomes scale is meant to get a more accurate and comprehensive picture of how the people you work with feel about their lives read the following scenario: carly answers a question correctly. carly's teacher gives her a high five. in the future carly answers more questions correctly. the high five is an example of what social reinforcement valuing the attention of others' ability to shift attention between an object/even and person, and capability of recruiting attention are important components of what social skill joint attention we can assume social motivation is present when A child spontaneously initiates. One way to condition peers as reinforcers and encourage social Have the child's peer deliver identified reinforcers, rather than the interaction is to ____________. teacher. what functions as a natural consequence of most social behaviors Peer attention what kind of data is discussed as easier to use with social skills Probe data what is the first milestone likely to occur in typically developing children smiling An interaction between two individuals is the definition of social behavior cici loves to play with blocks but has little interest in being sung to. her teacher decides to sing to her whenever cici is playing with blocks so that the songs may also acquire reinforcing properties. this refers to what procedure Stimulus-stimulus pairing what can be used to determine existing nonsocial and social reinforcers preference assessment all of the following are examples of setting events, except mood ____ the pace of instruction can decrease the likelihood of escape behaviors increasing levi screams whenever he wants his helicopter toy. what would be a good antecedent intervention Functional communication training (teach manding/requesting) Cameron has tantrums and noncompliance for the function of escaping a task. What antecedent interventions would be best to use in the BIP? Stimulus demand fading Using _________ to prevent problem behaviors is considered the proactive approach. Antecedent interventions a behavior intervention plan (BIP) is developed to decrease problem behaviors and teach or increase replacement behaviors in all settings. a motor activity schedule could reduce the motivation for self stimulatory behavior. 11 / 14 pairing has occurred when The teacher is paired with reinforcement systematic desensitization/exposure therapy is most often used to treat phobias which of the following is not a part of a behavior intervention plan how the child feels when the behavior is occuring If escape behaviors are occurring frequently, it is often due to... reinforcement schedule being too thin true or false: both discrete trial instruction and naturalistic teaching strategies are established treatments for developmental disorders true which of the following is true about manding motivation is needed to appropriately teach manding what can you do to teach a concept in a way that will more easily Teach with many different examples of the same item or activity. generalize to other person, settings, and related behaviors generalization can refer to the transfer of behaviors to Persons, settings, and other behaviors which of the following is not a naturalistic teaching strategy Discrete Trial Instruction something you can do to prevent the student from losing motivation in naturalistic teaching change activities at a pace that is just slightly faster than the learner is losing interest in them in following teaching sessions. which of the following is a benefit of NaTS Teaches when and how to use skills in discrete trial instruction the reinforcer _____ related to the material being taught and in naturalistic teaching strategies the reinforcer ______ related to the material being taught is/is not which effective teaching procedures can be used in NaTS to maintain motivation Using errorless teaching and varying tasks Sue's teachers say she isn't motivated by anything. She shows little interest in toys, activities or food. An exception appears to be Pair toys, food, and activities with the music she loves and then one CD that she listens to exclusively. What can Sue's teachers start to fade the music volume down. do to broaden her reinforcement repertoire? The "knowns" serve all of the following purposes, except... they are used to keep reinforcement very thin. Using transfer trials will help eliminate . . . prompt dependency in the normal progression in ITT, materials go from being an orderly to messy array what assessments can be helpful in setting up a VB program ABLLS-R and the VB-MAPP During error correction after you represent the SD with a prompt represent the same instruction (SD) to test if the prompt worked. you should . . . What is a very common type of data used in ITT that takes little time? cold probe the following is an example of which transfer procedure SD: point to the cat? R: child points to the cat SD: what is it? (holding cat card) R: child says "Cat" Listener response to tact transfer what can be used to predict for behavior in the future A trend line in the direction of the behavior change line graphs can be used for Percentage, duration, intensity, latency, frequency, and rate. The x-axis represents some unit of time during which data is obtained. true in which kind of graph would you demonstrate a change in mean by drawing a horizontal line through the data set line graph Bar Graphs/Histograms represent the ______________of some data under different conditions. average when you observed sally, she kicked 7 times. your observation was from 1pm to 3pm. sally's kicking rate per hour is 3.5 per hour in line graphs the data points are generally connected with a solid line true one disadvantage of bar graphs is that they do not display changes in trend, duration of conditions, or fluctuations of the data the graph most commonly used in aba is line graph 12 / 14 the phase change line demonstrates a change in conditions on a graph and is represented by solid vertical line if you have an individual who engages in escape behaviors you should tailor antecedent interventions to the person you support based on data from the FBA differential reinforcement is a procedure combining what two procedures reinforcement and extinction The crisis section of the crisis plan includes which of the following? The behaviors and responses to such behaviors. in this training, crisis is defined as behaviors that risk harm to self, others, or the environment behavioral definitions should be observable and measureable _________ is defined as a stimulus that follows a response and decreases the future probability of that response punishment ______ needs to take place when there is accurate information about the behaviors that occur in crisis situations a functional behavior assessment which of the following is a behavior reduction procedure extinction the following is an example of punishment. chris likes to use swear words frequently. every time he swears his mother makes him put a dollar in a jar. his swearing behavior increases false what 3 things should be included in the client section of the crisis name of individual, date of birth, and date the plan was created plan if practitioners' ethical responsibilities conflict with law, ABA prac- make known their commitment to these Guidelines and take steps titioners should to resolve the conflict what is recommended if you find that you do not have the training Seek additional training and supervision from person's competent needed to provide services in a particular area in those areas if a practitioner finds that, due to unforeseen factors, a potentially attempt to resolve with the best interests of the affected person harmful multiple relationship has arisen, what is recommended and maximal compliance with the Guidelines when practitioners believe there may have been an ethical violation by another practitioner, or non behavioral colleague, they attempt to resolve the issue, first by Bringing it to the attention of that individual the role of the rbt is to Provide direct support and education with individuals receiving ABA services which of the following would be the most appropriate report about behaviors observed in a session Johnny engaged in 4 episodes of hand biting today practitioners can solicit testimonials from current clients as long as they report on the positive aspects of behavior analysis false Our clients have certain rights and prerogatives that need to be maintained. The client must be provided on request: an accurate, current set of the practitioner's credentials which is the proper ABC form of imitative (mimetic) behavior A-stimulus involving motor movement by a model, B-non-verbal and mimics the movements of the model, C-reinforcement of the imitative behavior For ASD children that do not easily acquire imitation, skills may need to be... broken down into basic components, directly taught, and reinforced. The four areas of Motor Imitation are... Toy/Object Imitation, Gross Motor Imitation, Fine Motor Imitation, and Oral Motor Imitation. for a student to be able to begin imitation training, they need to engage in some pre-requisite behaviors, including staying seated and attending to the teacher. true or false: the SD raise arms should be used to teach imitation (mimetic behavior) false it's important to remember that ________ action(s) should be taught for the same toy in imitation multiple what is the first milestone to likely occur in typically developing children smiling 13 / 14 Jenny is working on greetings and bringing materials to people. Which category of social skills is she most likely targeting? initiations Kaci is 4 months old, what milestone is likely to start developing at this age? Attention from caregivers functioning as a reinforcer We can assume social motivation is present when __________. A child spontaneously initiates. Sara is working on social referencing, her teacher says "Sara" while shaking a bottle of bubbles (which she loves!). In response, Her teacher should reinforce immediately with bubbles, and say Sara looks at her teacher. What should happen next in the se"nice looking." quence? an interaction between two individuals is the definition of social behavior If the demands of an organization conflict with the BACB's guide- clarify the nature of the conflict with their supervisor, make known lines, practitioners should their commitment to these Guidelines and try to resolve the conlfict rbt stands for Registered Behavior Technician if you have commitments that get in the way of service delivery, it is okay as long as services are not disrupted for over 2 weeks, as that is when regression occurs false which of the following is the correct diagram for tact Sd is a non-verbal stimulus- individual says label - individual receives non-specific reinforcement in the most common terms a tact is a label Stimuli in the environment that signal behavior and that are associated with reinforcement is the definition for __________. Discriminative Stimuli (SDs) there must be a Motivation operation (MO) to evoke a tact false which of the following would be a transfer trial: the teacher presents the SD with an echoic prompt, the student responds correctly so next the teacher will Present the SD but this time fade or omit the echoic prompt. when encountering a new client you should identify their skill level by Performing an assessment, such as the VB-MAPP. Pick the best definition for tact: A type of expressive language used to label or describe objects, actions, and characteristics in a learners environment. at what age has a child's tact vocabulary first increased to over 1000 items 4 Present difficult (acquisition) tasks approximately _________ percent of the time. 20 behaviors that are reinforced more often than others will be more likely to occur again in the future. this corresponds with which variable of reinforcement rate you SHOULD do the following deliver praise and name the item being targeted as you deliver the reinforcer A learner will be more likely to perform behaviors that earn him more reinforcement than he would a behavior that produces less reinforcement. This refers to which characteristic of reinforcement? magnitude the value of a reinforcer can change at any particular time and is determined by several variables. after you are paired with reinforcement if the learner engages in problem behavior you should use extinction, but go back and analyze what went wrong. 14 / 14