External Defense System Compiler

External defense system compiler The external defense system consists of barrier structures, both in the form of physical barriers such as skin and its accessories and chemical barriers, such as enzymes and secretions. This barrier or barrier functions to prevent or inhibit infectious agents from entering the body. Have you ever noticed how burn patients are treated? Why are they often treated in sterile isolation rooms? The answer is because burns that damage skin tissue cause parts of the body to be exposed so that infectious pathogens can easily enter, making the sufferer's body susceptible to infection. The external defense system consists of a barrier or bandage wall that prevents the entry of various types of infectious pathogens. Skin and mucosal tissue are the main components of this external defense system. Besides providing physical protection, the skin also provides chemical protection. Lactic acid produced by the sebaceous glands, with its acidity (pH=5.6) is able to inhibit the growth of skin microorganisms. Like skin, the mucous membranes of various body organs also have their own characteristics in creating their defense systems. The mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, apart from being a physical barrier to the entry of pathogens from the respiratory air (atmosphere), is also equipped with hair and vibrating hairs (cilia and fimbria) and produces mucus (mucus) which is able to capture and expel pathogens. The Creator has equipped various body channels with a set of defense systems adapted to the function of these channel organs. The urinary tract is protected by producing urine (urine) with low acidity which is able to remove various pathogenic germs from the urinary tract. Lactic acid produced by the female genital organs, with its strong acidity, maintains the pH of the vagina at around 5 so that it can act as a barrier to the entry of pathogens. The digestive tract is prevented from pathogen invasion by the presence of acidic gastric juice with the production of hydrochloric acid (HCl) thereby making the stomach pH = 1 which is lytic against pathogenic microorganisms. The lysozyme enzyme produced by exocrine glands, especially found in saliva, lyses the walls of bacteria, especially gram-positive bacteria. Table 1. Components and characteristics of natural defense structures Type Mechanism Anatomical barriers: Skin A mechanical entry of germs barrier that prevents the An acidicgerm environment inhibits growth (pH=3-5) Mucous membrane Normal for spaceflora andcompetes food with microbes Mucus captures foreign microorganisms Cilia body throw microorganisms out of the Physiological barriers: Temperature Normalofbody temperature inhibits the growth pathogens. The feverpathogens response inhibits the growth of some Low pH The acidity of gastricexcept juice kills almost all microorganisms, Helicobacter pylori Lysozyme breaks down bacterial walls. Chemical media Interferon induces antiviral behavior in normal cells Complement lyses microorganisms or facilitates phagocytosis TLRs recognize microbial molecules, signaling cells to secrete cytokines stimulate an immune response that Collectins pathogensdamage the cell walls of Phagocytic/endocytic Barrier Variousdown cellsforeign engulfmacromolecules (endocytosis) and break Inflammation Specialized cells(monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils) engulf (phagocytosis) kill and destroy pathogens Infection and tissuevessel damage trigger loosening of blood walls resulting in extravasation of fluid blood plasma containing anti-bacterial serum proteins the entryarea. of phagocytes intoand the wound Normal flora that grows on various surfaces of the body is competitive against microorganisms and prevents the entry of foreign microorganisms into the body so that the body is protected from infection.