Іnstructions-and-Digit-Span

Dual Task Instructions The Dual Task experiment consists of five stages, as follows: (1) Digit Span Determination (2) List Memory (Single Task) (3) Tracking (Single Task) (4) Dual Task (5) Dual Task Retest At Stage 1 (Digit Span), the subject’s short-term memory capacity is determined. The outcome of Stage 1 is a single number, the subject’s Digit Span. At Stage 2 (List Memory – Single Task) which lasts for 1.5 minutes, lists of digits are read to the subject, who is asked to repeat each list after it has been read. The lists are all of the same length, that is, the subject’s Digit Span. The result of Stage 2 is a single number, the subject’s Single Task List Score. At Stage 3 (Tracking – Single Task), which also lasts for 1.5 minutes, the subject is asked to use a pencil to trace a path through a maze, thereby drawing a line through circles arranged along the path of the maze. The subject’s Single Task Tracking score is the number of circles crossed by the pencil. At Stage 4 (Dual Task), which lasts for 1.5 minutes (the same as Stages 2 and 3), the subject performs the tracking (as in Stage 3) while at the same time repeating lists of digits (as in Stage 2). As in Stage 2, the lists are all of length equal to the subject’s Digit Span. Two scores are obtained at Stage 4: (1) the List Memory Score (Dual Task); (2) the Tracking Score (Dual Task). At Stage 5 (Dual Task Retest), the procedure of Stage 4 is gone through again, and two further scores are obtained: (1) the List Memory Dual Task Retest Score; (2) the Tracking Dual Task Retest Score. Stage 1. Determination of the Subject’s Digit Span Instructions to the Experimenter You should have in front of you a sheet headed Lists for Digit Span Determination. You will see that lists are arranged in sets, those in each set being of the same length, the lists becoming progressively longer as you work down the page. In each set, there are nine lists, but that is to allow for the possibility of interruptions. The subject will receive only six lists for the actual determination of span. Say to the subject that you are going to read them lists of digits, and that they are to try to repeat the digits in the order in which they were read out. If the subject seems unclear about what is required, go through an example, say, the list: 4, 7, 1. Read the digits in an even tone, at approximately the rate of one digit per second. The subject should be tested on six lists, starting with length 2. Read out the digits at the rate of one digit per second. In the space provided, put a tick if the subject repeats the list correctly, and a cross if they do not. If the subject gets at least five out of the six lists correct, proceed to the lists in the next set. Continue this procedure until the subject gets two lists from the set wrong. At the bottom of the page, enter the subject’s Digit Span as the maximum length of the lists of which the subject recalled at least 5/6 correctly. Lists for Digit Span Determination After each of the following lists, in the space provided, enter a tick (√) if the list is correctly recalled and a cross (×) if it is not. At the bottom of the page, in the space provided, enter the subject’s Digit Span as the maximum length of the lists of which the subject recalled 5/6 correctly. Present only 6 lists to the subject. List Result (√ or ×) List Result (√ or ×) List For Span = 2 83 28 68 54 37 96 27 91 87 For Span = 3 829 132 152 687 356 637 871 251 915 For Span = 4 6241 2359 7132 1372 7392 6539 5316 4815 1872 For Span = 5 84132 62143 97438 85293 91635 16592 79514 82691 75468 For Span = 6 587261 261384 632147 492617 247681 429735 148239 423896 641357 For Span = 7 2941378 1285394 8693735 6297865 8243167 3945782 1897562 3185624 2473961 For Span = 8 65148279 18472913 42785921 28653197 65792381 74529638 85729136 76591243 76921358 For Span = 9 679174382 746231958 398724615 239874615 867934612 794831265 539748216 513985267 231986734 For Span = 10 4982176453 5731298426 8182397465 2853967624 9781734826 8491287637 2914984357 6983285149 6391727362 Subject’s Digit Span = Result (√ or ×) (2) List Memory (Single Task) The subjects are told that lists will be read out and that they are to repeat the lists immediately. The lists are all of length equal to the subject’s digit span, and they are presented for approximately 1.5 minutes. The digits are read at a rate of one per second. The lists are obtained from the table below, as described in the Note to experimenter. As the subject tries to recite the list, each response is noted in the space in the table below the item that was in the same ordinal position in the original list. The subject’s List Memory Score (Single Task) is calculated as described in the table. List memory (Single Task) Digit Span = Note to experimenter. The table contains only lists of ten digits. The lists actually given must be equal in length to the subject’s digit span. Starting from the left of each list below, read out lists of length equal to the subject’s digit span. Since the lists are presented for only 1.5 minutes, the number actually read out will depend upon the subject’s digit span. As the subject tries to reproduce the list, enter each item below the item that was actually in the same ordinal position when the list was read out. The raw score is the number of digits in each list that were correctly recalled in their correct serial positions. These raw scores can be converted to proportions by using the conversion table, or simply dividing by the number of lists. The subject’s final List Memory score is the mean proportion, that is the total of the proportions in the rightmost column, divided by the number of lists dictated. List 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 1. Response 2 Response 3 Response 4 Response 5 Response 6 Response 7 Response 8 Response 9 Response 10 Response 11 Response 12 Response 13 Response 14 Response 15 Response 1 5 8 7 3 6 2 9 5 4 3 7 9 8 1 4 6 1 2 5 6 9 3 1 4 7 5 9 8 2 2 4 3 8 7 1 9 4 2 3 2 1 5 3 8 6 4 7 9 6 7 9 6 3 1 4 2 8 3 5 8 1 6 3 9 5 7 4 2 1 1 7 3 2 9 3 6 4 8 5 9 6 1 2 5 3 8 2 7 4 8 7 1 3 9 4 6 5 7 2 3 2 1 9 5 4 3 6 8 7 4 7 2 4 5 8 1 9 3 6 8 4 5 1 6 2 3 4 9 7 6 2 7 1 3 8 5 2 9 4 8 3 9 1 6 2 7 6 5 4 List Memory Score (Single Task) = Score Score/n List Memory (Single Task). Table for converting raw scores to proportions. Lgth. of list 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Score 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .5 .33 .25 .2 .17 .14 .13 .11 .1 1 .67 .5 .4 .33 .29 .25 .22 .2 1 .75 .6 .5 .43 .38 .33 .3 1 .8 .67 .57 .5 .44 .4 1 .83 .71 .63 .56 .5 1 .86 .75 .67 .6 1 .88 .78 .7 1 .89 .8 1 .9 1 (3) a. Tracking (Single Task) Practice The subjects are shown the practice maze, asked to place their pencils on the black area marked START, and invited to trace their way around the maze along the path, without lifting their pencils. When they reach a circle, they must continue drawing their path through it. b. Test Now the subject is shown the maze proper and when the pencil has been placed at START, the experimenter starts the stop-watch and times the subject for 1.5 minutes. The subject’s score is the number of circles crossed by the pencil during the 1.5 minute period. Tracking Score (Single Task) = (4) Dual Task The subjects are asked to begin tracking as before, but while that is going on, they are to repeat aloud the lists of digits that will be dictated to them. During this phase of the experiment, two measures are taken: (1) the List Memory (Dual Task) score; (2) the Tracking Score (Dual Task). As before, the tracking and recall take place over an interval of approximately 1.5 minutes. List memory (Dual Task) Digit Span = Note to experimenter. The table contains only lists of ten digits. The lists actually given must be equal in length to the subject’s digit span. Starting from the left of each list, read out lists of length equal to the subject’s digit span. Since the lists are presented for only 1.5 minutes, the number actually read out will depend upon the subject’s digit span. As the subject tries to reproduce the list, enter each item below the item that was actually in the same ordinal position when the list was read out. The raw score is the number of digits in each list that were correctly recalled in their correct serial positions. These raw scores can be converted to proportions by using the conversion table (see List Memory – Single Task), or simply dividing by the number of lists. The subject’s final List Memory score is the mean proportion, that is the total of the proportions in the rightmost column, divided by the number of lists dictated. List 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 1. Response 2 Response 3 Response 4 Response 5 Response 6 Response 7 Response 8 Response 9 Response 10 Response 11 Response 12 Response 13 Response 14 Response 15 Response 9 5 6 1 3 6 1 9 8 2 7 2 9 1 5 4 8 1 6 3 5 8 9 7 2 4 5 3 1 4 9 6 3 8 2 5 4 7 1 8 2 4 6 3 1 8 7 2 5 4 5 7 8 7 2 9 4 3 5 2 1 3 4 8 3 1 2 6 2 9 8 2 7 5 4 6 1 3 8 9 1 9 4 2 7 4 8 3 6 2 3 1 2 6 9 4 8 3 5 2 2 5 4 9 6 1 9 4 8 2 3 8 6 4 5 7 5 2 9 6 7 5 6 3 2 8 5 1 9 1 9 3 5 9 6 8 2 1 3 7 5 4 3 6 5 7 3 8 7 3 List Memory Score (Dual Task) = Score Score/n Tracking Score (Dual Task) As in the Tracking (Single Task), the subject’s score is the number of circles crossed by the path of the pencil. Tracking Score (Dual task) = (5) Retest Dual Task Here the procedure is exactly as in (4), with the same lists for the List Memory component of the dual task. The lists are reproduced below for recording the subject’s responses and calculating the List Memory Retest Score. Retest List Memory Score = Retest Tracking Score = List Memory (Retest Dual Task) Digit Span = Note to experimenter. The table contains only lists of ten digits. The lists actually given must be equal in length to the subject’s digit span. Starting from the left of each list, read out lists of length equal to the subject’s digit span. Since the lists are presented for only 1.5 minutes, the number actually read out will depend upon the subject’s digit span. As the subject tries to reproduce the list, enter each item below the item that was actually in the same ordinal position when the list was read out. The raw score is the number of digits in each list that were correctly recalled in their correct serial positions. These raw scores can be converted to proportions by using the conversion table (see List Memory – Single Task), or simply dividing by the number of lists. The subject’s final List Memory score is the mean proportion, that is the total of the proportions in the rightmost column, divided by the number of lists dictated. List 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 1. Response 2 Response 3 Response 4 Response 5 Response 6 Response 7 Response 8 Response 9 Response 10 Response 11 Response 12 Response 13 Response 14 Response 15 Response 9 5 6 1 3 6 1 9 8 2 7 2 9 1 5 4 8 1 6 3 5 8 9 7 2 4 5 3 1 4 9 6 3 8 2 5 4 7 1 8 2 4 6 3 1 8 7 2 5 4 5 7 8 7 2 9 4 3 5 2 1 3 4 8 3 1 2 6 2 9 8 2 7 5 4 6 1 3 8 9 1 9 4 2 7 4 8 3 6 2 3 1 2 6 9 4 8 3 5 2 2 5 4 9 6 1 9 4 8 2 3 8 6 4 5 7 5 2 9 6 7 5 6 3 2 8 5 1 9 1 9 3 5 9 6 8 2 1 3 7 5 4 3 6 5 7 3 8 7 3 List Memory Retest Score (Retest Dual Task) = Score Score/n