Cells Alive Worksheet

Cells Alive-Internet Lesson Part A: “How Big is A….” On the navigation bar, click “HOW BIG” You will look at objects on the head of a pin and compare their sizes. Use the line on the bottom right corner to estimate the sizes. Cell Type Human Hair Dust Mite Red Blood Cell E. Coli Staphylococcus Ebola virus Rhinovirus Size (with units!) 11 millimeters 400 micrometers 10 micrometers 2 micrometers 0.35 micrometers 1200 nanometers 30 nanometers Rank (smallest to largest) Rhinovirus Ebola virus Staphylococcus E. Coli Red Blood Cells Dust Mite Human Hair Part B: Prokaryotic Cell Model  Click on Cell Models  At the top of the page, click “Bacterial Cell Model”  Sketch the cell and label the following organelles for a bacterial cell: DNA, ribosomes, cell membrane, cell wall. BE NEAT!  Answer the following questions: o What is in the nucleoid region? In the nucleoid region, bacterial DNA can be found. Furthermore, RNA and proteins also reside within this region. o What is a pilus (plural- pili)? Pili (sing. pilus) are hollow, hairlike structures made of proteins that allow bacteria to attach to other cells. These pili are also referred to as fimbriae. Part C: Animal Cell Model  Return to Home page and Click Cell models.  At the top of the page, click “Animal and Plant Cell Animation”  Click on the appropriate organelle to answer the following questions.  What do mitochondria do? Mitochondria provide energy for the cell to do a variety of tasks. These are to move, divide, provide secretory products, and even contract. Basically, mitochondria are the powerhouse or power center of the cell.  How big are mitochondria? Mitochondria are about the size of bacteria. Generally, they can be found in different shapes dependent on the cell type.  What does the Golgi apparatus do? The Golgi apparatus or the Golgi body is a membrane-bound structure with a single membrane. It is also a stack of membrane-bound vesicles that are important in packaging macromolecules for transport to other areas within a cell.  What is the difference between rough and smooth ER? The main difference between RER and SER is the presence of ribosomes. When ribosomes attach to the surface of an ER, it gives rough appearance; thus, it is called the Rough ER. On the other hand, a smooth ER does not have ribosomes on its surface. It possesses ribosomes attached to its membrane.  Where is the nucleolus found? The nucleolus is a region found within the cell nucleus that is concerned with producing and assembling the cell's ribosomes.  What does the nucleolus do? The nucleolus makes ribosomal subunits from proteins and ribosomal RNA. It then sends the subunits out to the rest of the cell where they combine into complete ribosomes.  What does the cytoskeleton do? The cytoskeleton is a structure that helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization, and it also provides mechanical support that enables cells to carry out essential functions like division and movement.  Cytosol sometimes goes by what other name? Cytosol sometimes goes by its other name, cytoplasm.  What is the function of cytosol? Cytosol serves as the means for intracellular processes. This means it must be containing the proper proteins, ions, and other ingredients for cytosolic activities.  What is the function of lysosomes? A lysosome is a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes. Lysosomes are involved with various cell processes. They break down excess or wornout cell parts. They may be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria.  Sketch & label the mitochondria, rough and smooth ER, and the Golgi Part D: Plant Cell Model:  Return to “Animal and Plant Cell Animation” Click on the appropriate organelle to answer the following questions.  What other type of cell(s) has/have a cell wall? Bacteria, archaea, fungi, plant, and algae cells all have cell wells associated within each and every cell.  What makes the plant cells green? Chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps energy from sunlight gives plants their green color. This pigment is contained in an organelle called the chloroplast. Sketch & label this organelle.  In plant cells, what does the central vacuole do? In a plant cell, its primary role is to maintain pressure against the inside of the cell wall, giving the cell shape and helping to support the plant. Sketch a vacuole in a plant cell. Scale it relative to the actual size. Explain the differences between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell in paragraph form & in your own words. (Be very specific…include all organelles): Part E: Puzzles (This section should take you no more than 15 minutes.) Directions – Look on the computer screen where it says Interactive. Under that section you should see ‘Puzzles’; click on it. 1) Omit the plant and animal cell jigsaw puzzles. Only do Crossword puzzle(s)! 2) Choose either Cell Structure Puzzle #1 or Puzzle #2. Complete the puzzle and have me to come over and check it from your screen. If you’re doing this at home, print it out (or POSSIBLY I’ll let you take a picture and send it to me via Remind…ask me). If printing is required, make sure you put your name on it and staple it (to the back) of the answers from the above questions. Cell Structure Crossword 1: Cell Structure Crossword 2: