Medical Terminology Week 1

Medical Terminology Week 1 Chapter 1: Introduction to Medical Terminology Define and give examples of the four parts of medical terms. 1) word root- the foundation of medical terms, Ex.) cardi 2) prefix- added to the front of a medical term, Ex.) chem-, immun-, path3) suffix- attached to the end of a medical term, Ex.) -gram, -otomy, -ory 4) combining vowel- combine several word parts and make it easier to pronounce longer medical terms, Ex.) vowel o, gaster-o-enterisits Define the following word roots/combining forms. 1) bi/o- life 2) carcin/o- cancer 3) chem/o- chemical 4) cis/o- to cut 5) path/o- disease Define and give examples of the following prefixes. 1) a- without, away from Ex.) anemia 2) an- de- without Ex.) anoxia, dehydrate 3) anti- against Ex.) antiviral 4) dys- painful, difficult, abnormal Ex.) dyspepsia 5) eu- normal, good Ex.) euphoria 6) hetero- different Ex.) heterogeneous 7) homo- same Ex.) homologous 8) macro- large Ex.) macromolecule 9) micro- small Ex.) micrometer 10) neo- new Ex.) neonatal 11) per- through Ex.) percutaneous 12) peri- around Ex.) pericardial 13) post- after Ex.) postpartum 14) pre- before, in front of Ex.) prenatal 15) pseudo- false Ex.) pseudocyesis 16) retro- backward, behind Ex.) retrograde 17) sub- below, under Ex.) subcutaneous 18) trans- through, across Ex.) transverse 19) ultra- beyond, excess Ex.) ultrasound 20) hemi- half Ex.) hemiplegia 21) mono- one Ex.) monopodia 22) nulli- none Ex.) nulligravida 23) pan- all Ex.) pansinusitis 24) poly- many Ex.) polyuria 25) semi- partial, half Ex.) semiconscious Define and give examples of the following suffixes. 1) -algia pain Ex.) gastralgia 2) -genic producing, produced by Ex.) carcinogenic 3) -iasis abnormal condition Ex.) lithiasis 4) -ism state of Ex.) hypothyroidism 5) -itis inflammation Ex.) dermtitis 6) -logist one who studies Ex.) biologist 7) -logy study of Ex.) cardiology 8) -lytic destruction Ex.) hydrolytic 9) -megaly enlargement, large Ex.) cardiomegaly 10) -opsy view of Ex.) biopsy 11) -osis abnormal condition Ex.) cyanosis 12) -pathy disease Ex.) myopathy 13) -plasm formation, development Ex.) cytoplasm 14) -rrhage excessive, abnormal flow Ex.) hemorrhage 15) -rrhexis rupture Ex.) hysterorrhexis 16) -sclerosis hardening Ex.) arteriosclerosis 17) -stenosis narrowing Ex.) angiostenosis 18) -trophy nourishment, development Ex.) hypertrophy 19) -ectomy surgical removal Ex.) vasectomy 20) -ostomy surgically create an opening Ex.) colostomy 21) -otomy cutting into Ex.) colostomy 22) -plasty surgical repair Ex.) dermatoplasty 23) -gram record or picture Ex.) mammogram 24) -graphy process of recording Ex.) electrocardiography 25) -scopy process of visually examining Ex.) gastroscopy Chapter 2: Body Organization Define and give examples of the following root words/combining forms. 1) adip/o- fat Ex.) adipose tissue 2) anter/o- front Ex.) anterior plane 3) brachi/o- arm Ex.) antebrachial 4) caud/o- tail Ex.) caudal 5) cephal/o- head Ex.) cephalic region 6) cervic/o- neck Ex.) cervical region 7) crani/o- skull Ex.) cranial cavity 8) crur/o- leg Ex.) crural nerve 9) cyt/o- cell Ex.) cytoplasm 10) dist/o- away from Ex.) distal 11) dors/o- back of body Ex.) dorsal 12) glute/o- buttock Ex.) gluteal muscles 13) hist/o- tissue Ex.) histology 14) infer/o- below Ex.) inferior 15) later/o- side Ex.) contralateral 16) medi/o- middle Ex.) mediastinum 17) orth/o- straight, upright Ex.) orthopnea 18) ped/o- foot Ex.) pediatric 19) pelv/o- pelvis Ex.) pelvic muscle 20) poster/o- back Ex.) posterior neck muscles 21) proxim/o- near to Ex.) proximal tubule 22) spin/o- spine Ex.) spinal cord 23) super/o- above Ex.) superior thyroid artery 24) thorac/o- chest Ex.) thoracic artery 25) ventr/o- vertebra Ex.) ventral cavity Breakdown word parts and define Body Regions. Region Word Parts Description abdominal region abdomin/o = abdomen -al =pertaining to Abdomen; on anterior side of trunk brachial region brachi/o= arm -al= pertaining to Upper extremities (UE) or arms cephalic region cephal/o= head -ic = pertaining to head cervical region cervic/o= neck -al = pertaining to Neck; connects head to trunk crural region crur/o= leg -al= pertaining to Lower extremities (LE) or legs Dorsum dors/o= back of body Back; posterior side of trunk gluteal region glute/o= buttocl -al = pertaining to Buttock; on posterior side of trunk pelvic region pelv/o= pelvis -ic = pertaining to Pelvis; anterior side of trunk pubic region pub/o= genital -ic= pertaining to Region containing external genitals; on anterior side of trunk thoracic region thorac/o= chest -ic = pertaining to Chest; anterior side of trunk; also called throax Trunk vertebral region Contains all body regions other than head, neck, and extremities; also called torso vertebr/o= vertebra -al= pertaining to Overlies spinal column or vertebrae; on posterior side of trunk Breakdown word parts and define Body Positions. Term Word Parts Description superior or cephalic super/o= above ior= pertaining to cephal/o= head ic= pertaining to More toward the head, or above another structure inferior or caudal infer/o= below ior= pertaining to caud/o= tail al= pertaining to More toward the feet or tail, or below another structure anterior or ventral anter/o= below ior= pertaining to caud/o= tail al= pertaining to More toward the front or belly-side of the body posterior or dorsal poster/o= back ior= pertaining to dors/o= back al= pertaining to More toward the back or spinal cord side of the body medial medi/o= middle al= pertaining to Towards the midline of the body Lateral later/o= side al= pertaining to Refers to the side apex proxim/o= near to al= pertaining to Tip or summit of an organ base dist/o= away from al= pertaining to Bottom or lower part of an organ proximal proxim/o= near to al= pertaining to Located nearer to the point of attachment to the body distal dist/o= away from al= pertaining to Located farther away from the point of attachment to the body superficial More towards the surface of the body deep Further away from the surface of the body supine The body lying horizontally and facing upward prone The body lying horizontally and facing downward