Nutrient 50 Answers

1. Which of the following substances is a nutrient that does NOT supply any energy for the human body? A. Protein B. Carbohydrate C. Fat D. Vitamin D 2. Which of the following statements is true? A. A person's diet is influenced by his or her blood type and birth order. B. In the United States, poor eating habits contribute to some of the ten leading causes of death. C. Most people are born with the ability to choose a nutritious diet. D. Nutrients are life-sustaining phytochemicals in food. 3. Which of the following statements is true? A. Nutrient-deficiency diseases develop when diets lack essential nutrients. B. Skin rashes are always a symptom of vitamin deficiency diseases. C. Headaches are a common sign of a mineral deficiency disease. D. Most phytochemicals are classified as essential nutrients. 4. An essential nutrient A. is found only in foods from animal sources. B. provides energy (kcals) to the diet. C. is found only in fortified foods. D. must be supplied by the diet. 5. Which of the following substances is a macronutrient? A. Sodium B. Vitamin C C. Calcium D. Protein 6. A serving of food contains 15 g carbohydrate, 3 g protein, 5 g fat, 5 mg vitamin C, and 100 mL water. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies A. 97 kcals. B. 117 kcals. C. 87 kcals. D. 107 kcals. 7. Which of the following is NOT a major factor impacting a person's food choices? A. Health beliefs B. Mood C. Blood type D. Childhood experiences 8. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Peanut butter is an empty-calorie food. B. A megadose of vitamin C is within the range of safe intake for the nutrient. C. Most foods are mixtures of nutrients. D. A healthy diet supplies 90% of its calories from protein-rich foods. 9. Which of the following is NOT a key nutrition concept? A. The best way for people to obtain all the essential nutrients is to consume dietary supplements. B. Malnutrition includes overnutrition as well as undernutrition. C. Foods and the nutrients they contain are not cure-alls. D. Variety, moderation, and balance can help ensure a diet's nutritional adequacy. 10. Which of the following foods is the most nutrient-dense per serving? A. Fat-free milk B. Soft margarine C. Iceberg lettuce D. Cheese nachos 11. Per serving, which of the following foods is the most energy-dense? A. 8 ounces fat-free milk B. 4-ounce chocolate doughnut C. 3 ounces baked chicken D. ½ cup fresh strawberries 12. A group of scientists suspects that certain dietary practices are partially responsible for different rates of hypertension among adults of different ethnic/racial groups. To test their hypothesis, the researchers examine data concerning the different population groups' hypertension rates and their past dietary practices. This research is a ________ study. A. retrospective B. hypothetical C. case-control D. prospective 13. A group of registered dietitian nutritionists is planning to conduct a scientific study to investigate the effects of eating honey on behavior in school-aged children. To start, the researchers will A. analyze the hypothesis. B. gather data. C. identify relationships between variables. D. make observations. 14. A group of scientists conducts a scientific study to investigate dietary factors that influence the development of breast cancer. Which of the following activities is NOT likely to be a component of their research efforts? A. Posting findings at the main researcher's personal website B. Submitting an article describing the study to a peer-reviewed journal C. Collecting data and analyzing results D. Making observations and formulating a hypothesis 15. Scientists who investigate lifestyle factors that influence the prevalence of obesity among different population groups are conducting a(n) ________ study. A. epidemiological B. technological C. in vitro D. pathological 16. Derek takes protein supplements before and after his workouts. He told his workout partner that he became 200% stronger within a couple of months after he added the supplements to his diet. His report about the effects of the supplements is an example of a(n) ________. A. factoid B. anecdote C. variable D. case report 17. Having a control group enables researchers to A. compare findings of the control group with those of the experimental group. B. provide specific treatments to participants of the group. C. explore possible hypotheses for future research efforts. D. avoid using harmful interventions when testing control subjects' responses. 18. Phil is a participant in a study designed to examine the effects of taking a dietary supplement on muscle tissue development. Phil suspects he is in the experimental group, because he is certain his muscles are bigger and stronger as a result of taking the product supplied by the researchers. When the study is completed, Phil learns that he did not receive the dietary supplement. Phil thinks the researchers made a mistake—he is certain his muscle mass increased while he took the supplement. According to this information, Phil's belief that his physical condition improved while he participated in the study is an example of ________. A. an anecdotal report B. the placebo effect C. human subject bias D. participant fatigue 19. Scientists conduct a study in which 100 adults with chronic diarrhea are divided into 2 groups with 50 people per group. One group is given a supply of yogurt that contains a certain kind of bacteria, and the other group is given yogurt that is bacteria-free. The study's participants and researchers do not know which group of subjects has the bacteria in the yogurt and which group does not. The scientists instruct the participants to eat the entire 8 ounces of yogurt once a day for a month and record their bowel habits. This is an example of a(n) ________ study. A. introspective B. double-blind C. uncontrolled D. hypothetical 20. A diet that supplies adequate amounts of nutrients prevents A. storage of minerals in bone. B. saturation of cells with nutrients. C. nutrient-deficiency disorders. D. storage of fat-soluble vitamins in body fat. 21. A refined grain product that has iron, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid added to replace amounts lost during processing has been A. enriched. B. supplemented. C. fortified. D. enhanced. 22. Which of the following topics is one of the five overarching guidelines of the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans? A. Eat and exercise for optimal health and well-being. B. Limit calories from added sugars and saturated fats and reduce sodium intake. C. Reduce potassium intake. D. Consume enough calories and protein to prevent undernutrition. 23. According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, most healthy people should limit their daily sodium intake to less than ________ mg/day. A. 300 B. 2300 C. 4300 D. 1000 24. Today, Sean only ate three sandwiches made with whole-grain buns, 3 slices of cheese, and 10 ounces of roast beef. He also drank 3 cups of orange juice. According to MyPlate, he ate nothing from the food group that includes A. vegetables. B. eggs. C. nuts. D. milk and milk products. 25. Max wants to increase his intake of vitamin C without taking a dietary supplement. When he shops for food, he reads Nutrition Facts labels. Which of the following kinds of information will help him choose foods that are the richest sources of vitamin C? A. Country of origin information B. Organic food logo C. Structure/function claims D. %DV's 26. Which of the following statements is true? A. After an enzyme catalyzes a chemical reaction, it can no longer function. B. Enzymes can function as electrolytes. C. Enzymes can function under a wide range of environmental conditions, such as pH and temperature. D. Most enzymes have names that end with -ase. 27. Bernetta has an autoimmune disease that affects salivary glands. As a result of this condition, Bernetta A. cannot tolerate eating cold foods. B. has trouble swallowing. C. develops numerous stomach ulcers. D. digests food too rapidly. 28. Chyme is the A. semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach. B. large particle that transports lipids throughout the bloodstream. C. material absorbed by lacteals that the liver must detoxify and excrete. D. organelle that maintains fluid balance within intestinal cells. 29. Parietal cells secrete ions that form ________ in the stomach. A. bile B. chyme C. salivary amylase D. hydrochloric acid 30. Which of the following statements is true? A. Segmentation enables chyme to move through the esophagus. B. Foods that taste bitter are generally good energy sources because of their high carbohydrate contents. C. Older adults generally have fewer taste buds than children. D. The gallbladder makes bile and stores the compound in the liver. 31. The ________ is the third segment of the small intestine. A. colon B. duodenum C. jejunum D. ileum 32. Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system? A. Liver B. Pancreas C. Brain D. Gallbladder 33. The ________ is an accessory organ of the digestive system. A. jejunum B. epiglottis C. colon D. liver 34. Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation and swelling of the intestinal tract? A. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) B. Cystic fibrosis C. Peptic ulcer D. Crohn's disease 35. For several years, Corey has suffered from intermittent abdominal pain along with bouts of diarrhea and constipation. According to Corey, his "bad guts" worsen whenever he is "stressed out" or eats certain foods, especially raw fruit and baked beans. His doctor has determined that his intestinal tract is not inflamed. Based on this information, Corey probably has A. irritable bowel syndrome. B. gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). C. ulcerative colitis. D. Crohn's disease. 36. Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate? A. Glucose B. High-fructose corn syrup C. Lactose D. Soluble fiber 37. The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are A. maltose, ribose, and galactose. B. glucose, galactose, and mannose. C. galactose, glucose, and fructose. D. fructose, lactose, and hexose monophosphate. 38. When muscle cells have more glucose than they need for energy, they may store some of the excess as A. fiber. B. ketone bodies. C. glycogen. D. certain B vitamins. 39. Which of the following statements is true? A. Each gram of fiber supplies about 6 kcal for humans. B. Diets high in fiber increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. C. Eating foods rich in insoluble fiber may increase one's risk for heart disease. D. The human digestive tract does not produce enzymes that digest dietary fiber. 40. Justin's blood cholesterol levels are too high. He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, which of the following foods should he add? A. Legumes (e.g. black beans) B. White rice C. Milk D. Liver 41. Which of the following foods or beverages is a main source of added sugar in American diets? A. Fruit juices B. Jams and jellies C. Regular soft drinks D. Pastries 42. To reduce her intake of added sugar, Isabelle should A. consume energy drinks instead of coffee. B. consume more refined sources of carbohydrates. C. increase her intake of beverages sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup. D. replace regular soft drinks with plain water. 43. Pancreatic amylase A. converts glucose to energy in cells. B. digests starch in the small intestine. C. contributes to cystic fibrosis. D. is secreted by the gallbladder. 44. Phil is a healthy college student. When he wakes up in the morning, he can't wait to eat breakfast. While he is asleep and before he consumes food or beverages, his pancreas secretes ________ to maintain his blood glucose level within normal limits. A. aldosterone B. insulin C. glucagon D. thyroxin 45. Insulin A. stimulates cells to break down glycogen for energy. B. is released during fasting periods, such as between meals. C. helps glucose enter cells. D. increases blood glucose levels after meals. 46. According to Shawn's physician, Shawn has a high risk of ________ because his waist circumference is 42 inches, his blood pressure consistently measures 140 mm Hg/90 mm Hg, and his fasting blood glucose level is 110 mg/dl. A. cystic fibrosis B. metabolic syndrome C. constipation D. diverticulitis 47. A primary function of the digestive system is the A. transmission of nervous impulses. B. production of red blood cells. C. destruction of toxic metabolic by-products. D. breakdown of food into nutrients. 48. The process of digesting food begins in the A. liver. B. colon. C. esophagus. D. mouth. 49. The lining of the small intestine is covered with ________, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food. A. neurons B. lacteals C. villi D. arteries 50. Which of the following compounds is not secreted by the human stomach? A. Gastric juice B. Intrinsic factor C. Mucus D. Bile