Cell Mediated and Humoral Immunity

CELLMEDIATED IMMUNITY CMI Intracellular Pathogens signatcostimulation ycpzg phnods cI3otrfg1 orhlralls complex secrete MHCI peptide antigen presentsantigenstoother immunecells tolls MHIMajorthstocompatibil MAC PERIGEETCR FI cytokinesthatenhanceactivity ofother immune cells helpBallstCD8talls CD8ttalls cytotoxictails kingectedal APC APfAntigenPresentinga DC Balls macrophages 1ft signal CD4ttalls e Bd28 proteins IR Tall receptorprotein OAP.cm microbe 8h8 CD4talls thelper responses release inflammation cytokines phagocytosis'd MHCI killing direct kill D8 tall peptide inside ER TRAPtransporter 9ÉY'Entortmateftbasm Intracellularmicrob phago Phagocyticcell escaped'troffhagoysosome PFtal linktalltoAPCCantigenpresentingal bind2611stogether ensureeffective signaltransmittedbetweenthem Outside ER CLIP Nucleatedall abnormalcell le Ms infectedtumor AdaptiveImmunit epithelial all microbe tomechanism notsusceptible ofphagocyte TallsrecognizeAntigensin naivetalsin lymphnodes Mt Kathryn ages shofinfection lymphnodes ygnggntgygyhggy.ge activationof naivetallsinlymphnode effectortalls effectortcellsinstle ofinfection maininlymphnodeto help Balls migratetositeofinfection activatedbyantigens game Sequenceof Events in tall response effector g0O pÉ Actuation Regggginze RecognizeAntigen activate macrophages Dc Balls memory effector 80 memory Activation Proliferation kill Proliferation Differentiation Differentiation Function Tall growthfactor afteractivation autocrine neededtoproliferatebothCD4tta Phasesoftcellresponse Naivete lymphnode alwayscirculating lookingforantigens respondtoantigenin 24hours d Activation I Proliferation I Differentiation remain in lymphnode eradicateinfectedcells helpBalls inlymphnodeto promoteantibodies Effectortophorytalls lymph leave migratetositeofinfection AntigenRecognition and Costimulation BÉ made signal CD28 node inactive circulate formonths yea respondrapidlytoexposur signal MHC 519 912 peptide TCR ABF 137 IIs activate CTLA 4 inhibit Weakbinding effect tell activation strongbinding effect Tell inhibition Accessorymolecuted Moleculesotherthantercomplex function signalsadhesion hes recognize ligands onAPC stabilizebindingoftalltoAPC integrins Ex TL now fgygthenthebindingoftalltoApc API crosslinkingW ZormoreTCRs isneeded toinitiatesignalsforactivation integrin É immunological synapse SMACS supramolecularActivationclusters regionofcontactbetweenAPCatall Polyclonalactivationoftcett conventionalantigen insideMHC groove recognizedby smallfractionof tailskid 0300 my1fkTg t IIIIin on recognizedbylargefraction oftalls 2 201 bindsto variable regionsof different IBchains 03g.IO Roleof Costimulation E foodpoisoning septicshock CYTOKINESTORM secondsignalfortallactivation nocostimulation no response costimulation response cytokinerelease 112 API B a 040 Éf Its fit proliferation differentiation activation inhibition shayffotnall inhibition 13401 amplifies cool donotdirectlyenhancetallactivation but activateAPCtoexpressmore B molecules Tcytokine IL 2 secretion enhance tall proliferation differentiation makesbetterAPC cangograbapresentmoreanngens antigenrecognitionby tells in conjugation w cD28activation inducesexpression of CD40L on activatedtells.CD40LengagesCDL on APC stimulatesexpression of 137molecules secretionofcytokines thatactivate tells magesearPC better FF.EE YsF helpisshownfor2altypes inierann macrophages activatemacrophages'dkillingof phagocytosed microbes Balls activateBallstoproduce high affinityisotype switchantibody IgM IgG ActivationofCDStTCells recognizeMHCI THE crosspresentation matted s Figs tonnes 1 effectorctis directrecognition SignalTransductionPathway int Lymphocytes ITAM ImmunoreceptortyrosinebasedActivationMotif start process cyclosporine steroiddrug inhibitscalaneurium producesNFATwhich produces 11 2 inhibitscytokineproduction transcription of 2 immunosuppressantdrug MigrationofNaiveteffectortlymphocytes roll adhere emigration selectin integrin chemokine roll selectinsatheirligands Ifreifirmattachmenttointegra migrationendothelialallsamarophages Ix secrete chemokines enfqty.gl jetting all effectortat LFA I VFA 1 Vegativeregulationoftcellactivation CTA 44PD Shutoff Tallauration RoleofIL Tall growthfactor 1stcytokinetobeproducedbytells canmediatecelldeath IL 2Ra CD2S induceduponactivation marterfortregcell IMF ygegnggg.bg strngbmdmg inpresenceofcytokine going Migration Retention Tallsnotspeafformicrobe willnotrecognize antigen returntocirculation Tallsspeafformicrobearekeptatsiteotinfecti performspecificfunction canseeantigenagain EXTRACREDIT HOWdo you_ygf fusionresponse acahonusing Ell lg CTLAY inhibitsCD28bindingto B molecule blockstersignaling PD l blockssignalingbyTCR CD28 4t Fetal a injectproteinw extracellular IgGmolecule Finds blocks137 preventinteraction w CD28 EffectorMechanisms ofCMItoEradicate allures functionsoftcellsinhostdefense naivetallsre CTLA4mayinhibittall responsesbycompetitive preventing 1728bindingto137 reantiens action Yo Effi typical injectantibod proliferation differentiation effectorcells enuctralation migrateboundtoendothelialcells activatedbycytokines responseofinfection CD4t recruitsactivatephagocytestodestroymicrobes Dst Killinfectedcells DevelopmentofThl.Th2 Th17Effectorcells 2 D MajorSubsetsofCD4tTHelpercells cytokine Ifor target Thi macrophages 1,4 Th2 eosinophils 1 Thi Tfh neutrophils Bcells GitHority a NK all Thi IFN X na d am't'd'bes D extracellular helminths A Opposingfunctionsofthitth Thtcytokines III intrados beneficialresponseintracellularmicrobes detmentalresponseextracellularpathogens refghtogh extracellular DC t fungi bacteria 114 4113 the EE this it thimatothinestoggmunitypregnancy bengal extracellularpathogens helminthsautoimmunitypregnancy dental intracellularmicrobes Tholmixed L2,114,115,1110 IFN X Memory tall TomCentralmemory Tem effectormemory Trm recentmemory 1h3 TransformingGrowthFactorbeta TGF B immunosuppressivecytokine I microbe z.IQ L4 HQ macrophages t eosinophils YET1113 YIutFÉByy neutrophils 22 Responses secondarylymphoidtissue non lymphoidperipheraltissue Lymphoid tissue MechanismofkillingbycDsct killingbygranules killingbyFASFASligandpathway granzymes activatecaspase i perform makeporesdeliver granzymes FASL CTL no inflammation ble no cytokines d EE3IfgjIi FasctargetalD d caspase activatecaspase d d DNAfragmentation J DNAfragmentation d apoptosis apoptosis virokine virusesproducecytokines Matare closelyrelatedto mammaliancytokines Inhibitantiviral immuneresponses VirusesconcealfromCA downregulation ofMHCmolecules Triathlon interfere w To EXTRACREDIT COVID 19 mutaterapidly antigenpresentation function pointmutationsinMHC 1restrictedviralisotopes reducedMHabindingofmutantpeptides dproliferation LIEN X production dCD8tcytotoxicactivity Evasionby Tall Exhaustion Activation acuteinfection adored effectordmemoryctinespond to virusbycytokinesecretion proliferationtargetkilling Exhaustion chronkillnes bantigenpersists PD 14 CTLA 4 exhausted cannotrespondtoCDstall DelayedTypeHypersensitivity 4hof s poisonivy siteofinfection1st getrid oftheforeign antigen innate stillsendsignalto Tall to comekill delayed neutrophilsaccumulate atinjectionsitefirst 12hourse tells a monocytes 24 484041 hardenedtissue induration nnate lymphoidCells ILCI Thi ILC2 Th2 163 1h17 IFN t defenseagainstvirus IL S K B allergicinflammation 1117,1122 intestinal barrierfunction EXTRACREDIT Whatistheimportance ofchemokine CXCR receptors inHIVinfection mediatesentry of tall linetropic neutrophilstraveltothe XL