Human Growth And Development Smart Book 6

Smart Book Chapter 6 A feeling or affect that occurs when individuals are in a state or an interaction that is important to them, especially to their well-being, is called an: emotion Infants communicate important aspects of their lives such as joy, sadness, interest, and fear through emotions. Anger, guilt, and sadness are classified as Negative emotions. Self-conscious emotions that involve the emotional reactions of others when they are generated, such as shame, guilt, and pride, are sometimes referred to as other-conscious emotions. Which of the following are the three recognized types of infant cries? the basic cry. the pain cry. the anger cry. A feeling or affect that occurs when people are in a state or an interaction that is important to them, especially to their well-being is known as a/an emotion Which type of infant smile does NOT depend on external stimuli? Reflexive. In infancy, emotions play important roles in which of the following? communication with others. behavioral organization. Feelings such as joy, enthusiasm, and love are classified as positive emotions. The term stranger Anxiety describes a situation in which infants demonstrate a wariness of people they do not know. What emotion would an infant younger than 6 months be UNLIKELY to experience? Guilt. An infant's fear of a caregiver leaving, which results in crying when the caregiver leaves, is called separation protest. A(n) ______ cry is a rhythmic pattern that usually consists of a cry, followed by a briefer silence, then a shorter whistle that is higher pitched than the main cry, and then a brief rest before the next cry. Basic When an infant is upset, a caregiver's soothing actions influence the infant's emotions. True A reflexive smile in an infant does not occur in response to external stimuli, but a social smile does. Individuals' behavioral style and characteristic way of responding is referred to as their temperament. Infants communicate important aspects of their lives such as joy, sadness, interest, and fear through emotions Which theorists developed a temperament classification system in which most children are considered to be easy, difficult, or slow-to-warm-up? Chess and Thomas Stranger anxiety in infants tends to be influenced by which of the following? the characteristic of the stranger the social context Eight-month-old Roger is usually in a positive mood, is adaptive, and conforms readily to household routines. According to Chess & Thomas' classification system, he is a(n) easy child In the United States, separation protest typically peaks at about the age of 15 months. Six-month-old John often reacts negatively and cries frequently. He also is not very adaptive. According to Chess and Thomas' classification system, he is most likely a(n) difficult child. Which of the following actions soothe infants? rocking and stroking/ thumb sucking/ singing lullabies. Temperament refers to an individual's behavioral style and characteristic ways of responding. Baby Julio isn't very active and shows a low intensity of mood. According to Chess and Thomas' temperament classification system, Julio is a(n) slow-to-warm-up child. Chess and Thomas' classification system placed children into which categories of temperament? Difficult/ easy/ slow-to-warm-up According to Chess and Thomas' temperament classification system, a(n) easy or easygoing child is generally in a positive mood, quickly establishes regular routines in infancy, and adapts readily to new experiences. Research has found that decreases in infants' negative emotionality are linked to which of higher levels of parental responsiveness/ higher levels of parental sensitivity/ higher parental involvement According to Chess and Thomas' temperament classification system, a(n) difficult or hard child is one who reacts negatively and cries frequently, engages in irregular daily routines, and is slow to accept change. The enduring personal characteristics of the individual are known as personality, traits, or personality traits Regarding emotional regulation, which of the following statements is true? By rocking an infant to sleep, the caregiver is helping the infant soothe their emotions Which of the following statements are true regarding face-to-face play? It includes vocalization, touch, and gestures./ It begins when the infant is about 2 to 3 months of age. Which of the following is Chess and Thomas' classification of a child who has a low activity level, is somewhat negative, and displays a low intensity of mood? slow-to-warm-up What is the close emotional bond between two people called? attachment Which theorists developed a temperament classification system in which most children are considered to be easy, difficult, or slow-to-warm-up? Chess and Thomas A securely attached baby uses the caregiver as a base from which to explore Jeremy is a very active toddler whose parents try to avoid putting him in situations where he must sit still for long periods of time. This illustrates the concept of goodness of fit. Match the type of infant attachment with its caregiver description - Secure: sensitive, consistent - avoidant: unavailable, rejecting, irritable - resistant: inconsistent, unaffectionate - disorganized: neglectful, abusive Personality in infants is thought to involve a sense of self, trust, self-recognition, and independence. True Scientists in the field of social neuroscience are MOST LIKELY to study which of the following factors? Hormones/ mother-infant attachment/ the brain Face-to-face play encourages infants to prefer people over objects. The social system of the family has direct and indirect effects on the members. Which of the following theorists proposed influential theories of infant attachment? Erikson/ Freud/ Bowlby In 1992, the European Union mandated a 14-week paid maternity leave. Baby Marlow uses mom as a base from which to explore the environment. When mom leaves, he protests mildly, and when mom returns, he reestablishes positive interactions with her. Which of Ainsworth's categories best describes Marlow? He is a securely attached baby. Caregivers of avoidant babies tend to be unavailable or rejecting. Which two of the following has developmental social neuroscience linked to mother–infant attachment? Oxytocin/ dopamine True or false: Marital relationships, parenting, and infant behavior and development have both direct and indirect effects on one another. True or false: The United States has led the way in providing paid parental leave to care for a newborn. Almost all classifications designate an emotion as either positive or negative. Which of the following types of emotions are present in infancy? primary emotions Which of the following are characteristic of an infant's pain cry? lack of preliminary moaning/ breath holding. A (reflexive/social) smile in an infant does not occur in response to external stimuli, but a (reflexive/social) smile does. The match between a child's temperament and the environmental demands with which the child must cope is known by the term goodness of fit. Which type of emotion requires self-awareness and a sense of "me"? self-conscious. The enduring personal characteristics of the individual are known as traits. Which statements are true regarding face-to-face play? It begins when the infant is about 2 to 3 months of age./ It includes vocalization, touch, and gestures. Caregivers of insecure disorganized babies often neglect or physically abuse them. Which individuals are displaying self-conscious emotions? 7-year-old Harry, who is embarrassed/ 4-year-old Sam, who feels shame. The current U.S. policy on parental leave is to allow up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave. Caregivers of resistant babies tend to be inconsistent when responding to their babies. Which of the following are self-conscious emotions? Empathy/ pride.