University:
University of Virginia
Course:
BIOL 1040 | The DNA Revolution in Science and Society
Academic year:

2024
Views:

325

Pages:

2
Author:

Kayli N.

DNA Unit 2 Lecture 6 DNA Revolution: 1970s discovery of DNA 1975 – Asilomar conference on recombinant DNA technology to contain viruses/bacteria World Health Organization now has recommendations on to contain genetic editing Future of Genome Editing: growing exponentially like DNA sequencing, cheap & rapid Somatic Gene editing: Cell covered with proteins for normal functioning as a fingerprint, so modify immune system to change certain cells (HIV CCR5). To change a specific cell instead of changing the embryo. Efficiency and power of delivery is increasing ● Leukemia blood cancer from bone marrow, take own cells from bone marrow and then transplant with CRISPR modified cells without CCR5 (HIV) ● Sickle-Cell disease: somatic gene therapy by taking the bone marrow and using CRISPR to modify the allele and putting it back in ● Immunotherapy & T-Cell: take out the T-Cells (macrophages that attack enemy cells). Autoimmune disease attacks itself. Use CRISPR to modify T-Cells to attack the tumor cells which are genetically different from other cells ● If not bone marrow disease, instead of removing them. Insert CRISPR treatment. Delivers CRISPR to target cells through bloodstream treats genetic disease by using mRNA delivery to change within (covid vaccine) ● Injectable cancer vaccine: CRISPR cells injected to change the cells ● Vesicles seek particular cell type in body to release CRISPR to target cell ● Cystic Fibrosis: eliminate mutant protein for this disease ○ In mice, delivery targets the cell in lung as too much mucus CRISPR De-Extinction: 1. Cloning from a Frozen Cell: isolate the nucleus from a living cell and implant it into an elephant to transform into pluripotent cells to stimulate them into embryos (transport cells into a host to form an embryo into a surrogate mother = offspring) ● First Extinct Subspecies by Cloning: Pyrenean Ibex, took cells from prior tissue samples and implanted them into closely related organism to revive the species 2. Cloning from Sequenced Mammoth Genome: using CRISPR to modify close relative (elephant) to make it more like the Mammoth genome. Transplant it into a living elephant cell and surrogate mother to give birth to another species. However, the number of genomes changes is massive a. Ancient DNA can’t be taken from a frozen cell since it was long ago, but CRISPR can use Ancient DNA to reconstruct these genomes and living cells De-Extinction Risks: “escape” of species/genes, ecological uncertainty about releasing species, should be focusing on preserving current species extinction instead of adding more, CRISPR isn’t advanced enough to transfer Mammoth to Elephant genome 3% 30 million changes, what to call the organism after reviving if genome is not the same