Genotype vs. Environment

DNA Unit 2 Lecture 3 Genotype vs. Environment: interaction of genetic variation is expressed differently ●​ Genotype by Environment interaction: response to environment by the different types of worms. Ex. The black ones respond but the red ones don’t ○​ Expression of genetic type depends on the environment you are raised in ●​ Hypothetical Ex. Society of fair or racist with a dominant vs. Minority individuals and show how they do on an IQ test based on the social environment ○​ In the racist environment, the minority does worst, but in the fair environment, the IQ is the same (correlated with EA, education attainment) Closet Living Relatives: chimpanzees and humans share a recent common ancestor Homo Sapiens History: descendants from Africa revealed by Mitochondrial DNA and located rates of divergence around globe ●​ When migrate out, they take a few of their genetic variation to the next place (Sub Sample/Subset) that produces genetic differences around globe ○​ Africa has the most diversity because all sub sampling came from Africa so around globe has a sub sample of that genetic variation ●​ Hypothetical - distinct human lineages (Venn diagram) middle is the shared genes. ○​ In reality, the race ancestry is all overlapped, so little genetic diversity between groups as 99.6% of nucleotides are identical and 4% is genetic diversity, but some groups can still share those Closest Relatives: neanderthals due to recent hybridization, ancient DNA ●​ Isolated neanderthal bodies, had sophisticated lives but physical distinctions, and used sequencing techniques for its whole DNA sequence and comparing the diversity between those populations and comparison between human DNA ●​ In Europe, Neanderthals and Homo Sapiens mated so still have that DNA today Closest Relatives: Denisovans (mated with Asia homo sapiens) mated with all (complex) - Collected ancient DNA from a toe phalanx in a cave in Denisova and sequenced Neanderthal DNA today: do contribute to relevant human genetic variation ●​ Connection b/n certain neanderthal alleles to depression, susceptibility to covid Denisovan DNA today: still relevant, implicated in the regulation of blood cell regulation where it had a high frequency in Tibetans ●​ Genetically different alleles separated by mutations based on geographic regions Human Racial Purity is a myth and has no value due to a mixture of genes from different lineages which makes it all complex