Form and characteristic properties of microorganisms Definition of microorganisms 1. Bacteria Bacteria comes from the word "bacterion" which means "small stick" and is a microscopic organism composed of one cell. Bacteria as microorganisms have the ability to adapt to live in various habitats (commopolitan). There are bacteria that cause disease (pathogens) and those that are nonpathogenic (can be beneficial). a. Bacterial morphology Bacteria are one of the microorganisms that have various shapes, namely round, rod and spiral. b. Bacterial anatomy The structure of the bacterial body from the outer layer to the inside of the cell is flagella, cell wall, cell membrane, mesosomes, photosynthetic sheets, cytoplasm, DNA, plasmids, ribosomes and endospores. c. Bacterial reproduction Bacteria reproduce vegetatively by defending themselves properly. In a good environment, bacteria can divide every 20 yearsminute. Sexual division is not found in bacteria, but genetic material is transferred from one bacteria to another without producing a zygote. These events are called the known para-sexual processes, namely transformation, conjugation and transduction. d. How bacteria live Bacteria are generally heterotrophs. Live as a safprofit or as a parasite. However, there are also several types that are capable of assimilation, becoming autotrophs. e. The role of bacteria • Mineralization in the soil • Metal core washing • The role of bacteria in food • The role of bacteria in industry • The role of bacteria in health (probiotics) 2. Function of fungi In general, fungi can be defined as eukaryotic organisms that have a nucleus and organelles. The important part of the mushroom body is a tube-shaped structure resembling a long strand of thread, some of which are insulated and some which are insulated. a. Anatomy and function of fungi • Fungi do not have chlorophyll • Has unicellular and multicellular cells • The cell walls in fungi consist of chitin • Multicellular fungi are formed from a series of cells in the form of threads like cotton, which are called hyphae, while the collection of hyphae is called mycelium. • The diameter of hyphae generally ranges from 3-30 µm b. Reproduction of fungi Fungal growth factors include high humidity, oxygen supply, and organic material supply. Fungi are saprophytes and can live on dead or decaying organic material. Fungal spores come in various shapes and sizes, and can be produced sexually or asexually. c. Mushroom body structure • Vegetative phase • Reproductive/generative phase d. The role of fungi for humans The use of mushrooms for humans, namely for food preparation or preservation and other purposes, is very widespread and has a long history. Farm mushroomsMushroom collecting is a large industry in many countries. The study of the historical and sociological impacts of this fungus is known as ethnomycology. 3. Protozoa Protozoa are single-celled eukaryote microorganisms that live in various habitats. Some protozoa are free-living and other types are parasites on animals and humans. a. Protozoan morphology The morphological structure of protozoa is generally microscopic, having various shapes and sizes with a diameter of 1 µm and a length of 1 µm-10 µm. Protozoa are grouped mainly based on their locomotion. There are 4 classes, namely: mastigophora (flagellates), sarcodina (ameba), ciliates and sporozoa. b. Protozoan habitat Protozoa live in water or at least in wet places. They generally live freely and are found in the ocean. Some species are parasitic, living on host organisms. Hosts for parasitic protozoa can be simple organisms such as algae, to complex vertebrates, including humans. All protozoa require high humidity in any habitat. Several types of marine protozoa are part of zoomplankton. Other marine protozoa live on the sea floor. Species that live in fresh water can be in lakes, rivers, ponds, or puddles.There are also non-parasitic protozoa that live in the intestines of thermite or in the rumen of ruminant animals. Some protozoa are dangerous to humans because they can cause serious diseases. c. Characteristics of protozoa • Unicellular organisms (single cells) • Eukaryotic (have a nuclear membrane) • Live solitary (alone) or in colonies (groups) • The nature of its cosmopolot life means it can live in any place or habitat. • Generally cannot make their own food (heterotrophs) • Free living, saprophytic or parasite.