Comprehensive Exam Review: Science - Key Concepts and Questions

SNC2D Grade 10 Science – Exam Review Questions 1. What do prokaryotes not contain? No nucleus or other membrane 1. What do eukaryotes have? A nucleus and other organelles 1. What do plant cells have that animals do not? A cell wall and chloroplasts 1. Define: 1. 2. 3. 4. Cytoplasm: suspends organelles in a cell Endoplasmic reticulum: transports materials throughout the cell Nucleus: stores genetic material and performing mitosis Mitochondria: converts glucose with oxygen to make energy for cell 5. Cell membrane: support cell and allow diffusion 6. Chloroplast: absorbs light and converts it to energy 7. Golgi bodies: collects and removes materials from cell 8. Vacuoles: isolating and removing waste, maintaining pressure 9. Mitosis: IPMAT(Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase) 10. Chromatid: 2 identical strands of DNA, makes up the chromosome 11. Centromere: structure that holds the chromatid together as chromosomes 12. Cancer: caused by mutation cells 13. Carcinogens: factors that increase cancer risks 14. Benign: non harmful tumor 15. Malignant: harmful tumor 1. Name 3 ways of detecting cancer. Pap, psa, self exam. 1. Name 3 treatments for cancer. Chemo, radiation, surgery. 1. What are stem cells? Explain. Give an example. Cells that can divide into any type of cell by turning on specific DNA sequences that enable specific functions. Umbilical cord is one illustration. 1. List the jobs of organs. Obtain O2, get nutrients, make waste, adapt, repair, grow, change. 1. List 4 types of tissues; give a brief description and some examples. Epithelial: skin, lining of digestive system ● Thinly packed cells Connective: Bone, tendons, blood ● Various cells, fibers held together by a single organ Muscle: muscles, heart, digestive muscles ● Expand and contract on demand to create movement Nervous: brain, nervous system ● Long thin cells that convey electric currents to control body movements 1. What is the order of the digestive tract? Mouth>esophagus>small intestine>large intestine>rectum> anus 1. Name the functions of the following terms. 1. Goblet cells: produce mucus to protect from acids 2. Mouth: break down foods 3. Esophagus: where food travels down through smooth muscles 4. Stomach: churns food with enzymes to digest food 5. Small intestine: smooth muscles bring nutrients into blood vessels 6. Large intestine: food left to dry 7. Liver: produces enzymes for digestion 8. Gallbladder: produces bile to kill fat 9. Pancreas: produces insulin to control blood sugars 1. What 3 things are in the circulatory system? Blood, Heart, blood vessels 1. Name the function/describe the following: 1. Platelets: keeps blood from clotting 2. Plasma: 50% of blood, protein rich fluid to carry cells 3. Heart: responsible for pumping around body 4. Cardiac muscle: only in heart 5. Nerve tissue: controls beating frequency 6. Connective tissue: Protect heart from friction/collision. 7. Arteries: carries blood under high pressure with thick walls 8. Veins: carries blood under low pressure with thin walls 9. Capillaries: Cell sized width, carries oxygen and diffusion at this level 10. Gas Exchange: transferred through diffusion into blood through capillaries 11. Musculoskeletal System: supports body and movement, protection 12. Bone: Made of calcium and phosphorus, marrow inside to make blood 13. Ligament: Bonds bone to bone 14. Cartilage: provides lubrication 15. Muscle: cells contract in long fibers to provide movement 1. Skeletal muscle: voluntary movement 2. Smooth muscle: involuntary movement 16. Dermal tissue: outer surfaces 17. Vascular tissue: transportation 18. Ground tissue: all others 19. Shoot system: conducts photosynthesis and produces flowers 20. Root system segment that primarily grows underground 21. Leaves: support, attraction, reproduction 22. Meristematic Cells: undifferentiated cells for plants