University:
West Coast University
Course:
NURS 180 | Pharmacology
Academic year:

2019
Views:

83

Pages:

2
Author:

ilikemyicons0y5

PHARMACOLOGY MEDICATION CLASSIFICATION WORKSHEET Date 11/6/19 MEDICATION CLASSIFICATION (NOT one drug): Beta-Lactams (Penicillins) DRUGS IN THIS CATEGORY (generic/trade) - Penicillin G/ Crystapen - Penicillin V/ Pen VK - Methicillin - Naficillin - Oxacillin - Cloxacillin - Dicloxacillin - Amoxicillin - Carbenicillin - Ticarcillin - Piperacillin - Mezlocillin - Cefoxitin - Aziocillin Mechanism of ACTION: Bind to bacterial cell wall, resulting in cell death THERAPEUTIC USES/Indications: - Bacterial action against susceptible bacteria including: - Most gram-positive organisms = streptococci, staphylococci and bacillus anthracis - Some gram-negative organisms = Neisseria meningitis and N. gonorrhoeae - Some anerobic bacteria and spirochetes including Borellia burgorferi ADVERSE EFFECTS: - Diarrhea (common) - Epigastric distress (common) - Nausea (common) - Vomiting (common) - Rash (common) - Pain at IV site (common) - Urticaria - Phlebitis (common) - Distress - Seizures (life threatening) - Anaphylaxis (life threatening) - Serum sickness (life threatening) - C. Diff associated with diarrhea MEDICATION/FOOD/ENVIRONMENT CLIENT EDUCATION: INTERACTIONS: - Decrease effective ness of oral contraceptives - Probenecid decrease in renal excretion - Increased blood levels of penicillin - Neomycin may decrease absorption of Penicillin - Concurrent use of methotrexate decrease elimination and increases toxicity. MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION: IM: shake well, massage IV: reconstitute with directions prevent phlebitis intermittent infusion: doses <3 should be diluted 1-2 hours/ continuous over 24 hours Other NURSING INTERVENTIONS : - Observe signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis - Obtain cultures for sensitivity - Obtain history - Assess for infection - Instruct patient to take medication around the clock and to finish drug completely as directed, even if feeling better. Advise patient that sharing this medication may be dangerous. - Advise patient to report signs of superinfection (black, furry overgrowth on tongue; vaginal itching or discharge; loose or foul-smelling stools) and allergy. - Instruct patient to notify health care professional if fever and diarrhea develop, especially if stool contains blood, pus, or mucus. Advise patient not to treat diarrhea without consulting health care professional. - Instruct patient to notify health care professional if symptoms do not improve. - Advise patient taking oral contraceptives to use an additional nonhormonal method of contraception during therapy with penicillin and until next menstrual period. - Patient with an allergy to penicillin should be instructed to always carry an identification card with this information. EVALUATION OF MEDICATION EFFECTIVENESS: - Resolution of signs and symptoms of infection - Length of time for complete resolution depends on the organism and site of infection SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR PARTICULAR DRUGS IN THIS CATEGORY: - Ticarcillin = Probenecid decreases renal excretion and increases blood levels. - Piperacillin = May alter lithium excretion - Risk of hepatotoxicity - Don’t take penicillins if patient has experienced an allergic reaction before