Midterm Kahoot Update

PHAR 836 Kahoot Intro to PE: 1. Pharmacoeconomics compares--- Both costs and outcomes 2. All health outcomes research are pharmacoeconomic research (F) 3. PE analyses are used by insurance companies to decide formulary additions or drug coverage (T) 4. Which of the following is not one of the four basic types of PE study? Cost productivity analysis 5. The outcome for cost-effectiveness analysis are measured is Natural clinical such as BP,A1C,life years-gained 6. Which of the following questions can be answered by all PE study? Cost measure and Determination 1. The amount listed by a provider and charged to a payer is called a. Price/charge b. Allowable charge c. Cost d. Allowable cost 2. Identify the type of cost: A daughter takes a week off from work to attend to her ill father a. Direct medical cost b. Indirect cost c. Direct non-medical costs d. Intangible cost 3. Identify the type of costs: inpatient charge of $576 per day for acute care a. Direct medical cost b. Indirect cost c. Direct non-medical costs d. Intangible cost 4. Identify the type of cost: fatigue from chemotherapy a. Direct medical cost b. Indirect cost c. Direct non-medical costs d. Intangible cost 5. Identify the type of cost: taxi fare to emergency department a. Direct medical cost b. Indirect cost c. Direct non-medical costs d. Intangible cost 6. Identify the type of cost: cost of administering Faslodex to a breast cancer patient a. Direct medical cost b. Indirect cost c. Direct non-medical costs d. Intangible cost 7. If taking a payer perspective, which of the following costs is usually measured? a. Direct and indirect costs b. Indirect costs c. Direct medical and direct non-medical costs d. Intangible costs 8. 2013 office visit=$100. Adjust to 2015 value given that 2014 MCPI=2.3% and 2015 MCPI=2.6% a. $598 b. $104.96 c. $0.0598 d. $103.44 9. Calculate PV(=2024) of a 2027 office visit of $500 (cost assessed at end of each year) and discount rate of 3% per year a. $562.75 b. $16.667 c. $444.24 d. $457.58 10. Per diem cost estimation is more precise than micro-costing a. True b. False Critiquing Research Articles 1. Was the title complete and appropriate? a. Yes: contained what was compared and type of study b. No: did not say what type of study c. No: did not say what was compared d. All of the above 2. Were you able to determine the perspective a. Yes: cost to the prescriber b. Yes: cost to the patient c. Yes: cost to the third-party payer d. Yes: cost to the society 3. Was either adjustment or discounting needed, assuming study was conducted in 2014? a. Discounting needed, but not conducted b. Discounting not needed, not conducted c. Adjustment needed, but not conducted d. Adjustment not needed, not conducted 4. Was any form of sensitivity analysis conducted? a. Yes b. No 5. What type of PE analysis can be ascribed to this study? a. CEA b. CMA c. CUA d. CBA CMA 1. The outcome of CMA is a. Measured in dollars b. Measured in ǪALY c. Assumed to be the same d. Measured in natural units 2. The costs of CMA is measured in a. ǪALY b. Natural units c. Dollars d. Effectiveness 3. CMA is appropriate for comparing equivalent doses of a. Prinivil vs. Zestril b. Atorvastatin generic vs. Lipitor c. Generic atorvastatin from each of Company A and Company B d. All of the above 4. CMA is one of the most popular PE analysis published in the literature a. True b. False CEA 1. Outcomes in CEA are measured in a. Dollars b. Natural health units such as life-year gained c. Utility such as ǪALY d. Assumed to be the same 2. Which of the following is NOT a good example of a CEA outcome? a. Life years saved b. mmHg of blood pressure c. Dollars $$ d. Forced Expiratory Volume 3. CEA is NOT a common type of PE analysis found in the literature a. True b. False 4. One major DISADVANTAGE of CEA is that the drugs with different outcomes CANNOT be compared a. True b. False 5. In PE terminology, ‘cost-effective’ is synonymous with least costly a. False b. True 6. Which of the following is the recommended way to present CEA results? a. ICER b. Cost-consequence analysis c. Average cost-effectiveness ratio d. All of the above 7. An alternative is considered to be ‘dominant’ if it is a. Both less costly and more effective b. Both more costly and more effective c. Both less costly and less effective d. Both more costly and less effective 8. An alternative is DOMINANT between two competing alternatives: ICER calculation is not required a. True b. False 9. A positive INB means the alternative of interest can be considered ‘cost-effective’ a. True b. False 10. Effectiveness answers the question: Can the drug work under supervised conditions such as RCTs? a. True b. False CUA 1. In CUA, outcomes are measured in a. Natural health units b. Dollars c. ǪALY d. Assumed to be the same 2. The ǪALY measures a. Only quantity of life b. Both quantity and quality of life c. Only quality (utility) of life d. Cost of life 3. An advantage of CEA over CUA is that alternatives with different outcomes can be compared a. True b. False 4. Which of the following is a direct method to estimate utility? a. SF-6D b. Time trade-off c. Standard gamble d. EǪ-5D 5. Both the SG and the TTO methods are more time-consuming and cognitively difficult than RS a. True b. False 6. Taking a societal perspective requires estimating utilities from the general public a. False b. True 7. What is the ǪALY of a dialysis patient with utility of 0.6 whose life was extended by 15 years a. 15 years b. 9 years c. 9 ǪALYS d. 19 ǪALYS 8. Calculate ICER for a CUA: Treatment A ($5,000, 0.9U, 6LY) vs. Treatment B ($3,000, 0.8U, 5LY) a. $2000/ǪALY b. $1,429/ǪALY c. $1,429/LY d. $20,000/ǪALY 9. Calculate ICER for a CEA: Treatment A ($5,000, 0.9U, 6LY) vs. Treatment B ($3,000, 0.8U, 5LY) a. $2,000/ǪALY b. $2,000/LY c. $20,000/ǪALY d. $1,429/ǪALY HRǪoL 1. Which of the following health status domains can be evaluated using an HRǪoL instrument? a. Physical b. Social c. Mental d. All of the above 2. Which of the following is NOT a good example of the physical functioning domain? a. Activity of daily living such as bathing and dressing b. Bodily pain c. Anxiety d. Running/walking up a stair 3. Which of the following is an indirect measure to elicit utility? a. SF-6D b. Standard gamble c. EǪ-5D d. Time trade-off 4. Scores obtained from which of the following are NOT used as a ‘utility’ score in CUA? a. EǪ-5D b. SF-36 c. TTD d. SF-6D 5. How many health domains are measured in the SF-36 instrument? a. 36 b. 8 c. 6 d. None of the above 6. Which of the following is NOT an example of a generic HRǪoL measure? a. SF-36 b. Ǫuality of well-being scale c. Arthritis impact measure scale d. Dartmouth COOP 7. Self-administered instruments have fewer missing responses compared to face-toface interviews a. True b. False 8. Instruments give the same result for the same results for the same person at two different times when health status has not changed a. Test-retest reliability b. Internal consistency c. Inter-rater reliability d. Validity 9. Upon surface inspection, the content of the instrument seems relevant to what is being measured a. Face validity b. Discriminant validity c. Convergent validity d. Reliability 10. Scores obtained for the physical domain of SF-36 do not correlate well with the mental domain of SF-36 a. Convergent validity b. Known-group validity c. Discriminant validity d. Internal consistency 11. Scores obtained form SF-36 after health intervention were better than scores obtained at baseline a. Reliability b. Validity c. Responsiveness d. HRǪoL.