Biochemistry TGT - Questions

Biochemistry TGT - Questions 2 State two general functions of carbohydrates in living organisms. 3 What is the name of the bond between two monosaccharides? 4 State what organisms contain starch and what the function of starch is. 5 Name the reaction that joins polymer monomers together in biological systems. 6 Describe why dehydration synthesis is an appropriate name. 7 Describe the difference between a monosaccharide and a polysaccharide. 8 Name and describe the opposite reaction of dehydration synthesis. 2 Name three carbohydrate polymers. 3 State what organisms contain glycogen and where they store it. 4 State the function of the phospholipids. 5 Name the components and the number of each component that combine to form a triglyceride. 6 List three functions lipids have in animals? 7 Name the components and the number of each component that combine to form a phospholipid. 8 State two functions that proteins play in living organisms. 9 Name the functional groups found in the general structure of each amino acid. 2 State what organisms contain cellulose and what its function is. 3 Describe the secondary structure of proteins. (Hint: List the two different types and what forces hold the molecule in these shapes) 4 What types of bonds hold protein tertiary structures together these structures together. 5 Name the functional groups that are involved in joining of triglyceride component molecules together. 6 Describe the difference between a saturated fatty acid and an unsaturated fatty acid. 7 Name the type of bond that forms between two amino acids. 8 A protein has been denatured, lost its 3-D shape, How does this affect the enzyme functionality? 9 List the three basic components of a nucleotide. 2 Describe the primary structure of proteins. 3 Describe the quaternary structure of proteins. 4 How many different amino acids are there and how does each amino acid differ? 5 What molecule determines the amino acid sequence in proteins? 6 List three types of nucleic acids. 7 List three ways RNA differs from DNA. 8 What is the function of ATP in cells? Biochemistry TGT - Answers 2 – short term energy storage/use, structure (cellulose; cell wall) 3– glycosidic bond 4 – plants energy storage/use 5 – dehydration synthesis 6– synthesis; builds molecules, dehydration; water comes out as a product 7– monosaccharide is one glucose and polysaccharide is many glucose 8 – hydrolysis, breaks down polymers and requires water 2 – starch, glycogen, chitin, cellulose 3 – animals, muscles and liver, energy storage/use 4 – makes up the cell membrane of cells 5 – one glycerol and three fatty acids 6 –energy storage, hormones, cell membrane structure, insulation/protection 7 – one glycerol, two fatty acids and one phosphate group 8 – enzymes, protein channels/pumps, hormones, cytoskeleton, receptors 9 – amino group and carboxyl group 2 – plants, make up the cell wall 3 – alpha helix, beta sheet, hydrogen bonds 4 – hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds and disulfide bridges 5 – carboxyl and hydroxyl 6 – unsaturated have c=c double bonds, saturated don't 7 – peptide bond 8 – protein has no function anymore, proteins need a 3-D to function. 9 - sugar, phosphate and nitrogen base 2 - a simple linear chain of amino acids 3–when two or more tertiary protein structures come together to form a protein 4 –20, by their R groups 5 – DNA 6 – DNA, RNA and ATP 7- RNA is shorter, single stranded, has U instead of T’s, has ribose instead of deoxyribose 8 - to provide energy for cellular processes