Visual agnosia V1 (Primary Visual Cortex) Location : Occipital lobe Function : Basic visual processing (edges, orientation, motion) Lesions : Can cause homonymous hemianopsia (loss of the same half of the visual field in both eyes), cortical blindness , or blindsight (ability to respond to visual stimuli without conscious perception). V2 (Secondary Visual Cortex) Location : Adjacent to V1 in the occipital lobe Function : Processing complex features like spatial frequency and orientation Lesions : Can result in visual agnosia , where the patient has difficulty recognizing objects despite having normal vision. Spatial Frequency: This refers to the level of detail present in a visual stimulus. Think of it like the texture of an image—how fine or coarse the details are. High spatial frequency means lots of fine details (like the pattern on a leaf), while low spatial frequency means broader, smoother details (like a clear sky). Orientation: This refers to the angle or direction at which lines or edges appear in the visual field. For example, whether an edge is vertical, horizontal, or diagonal. Our brains process these orientations to help us understand shapes and patterns in our environment. Both of these aspects are critical for our visual system to interpret and understand the world around us. Anything else on your mind?# ## Legal note: Keep in mind these explanations are based on general medical knowledge and might not be up-to-date or completely accurate. Always consult a trusted medical source for precise information. V3 (Third Visual Complex) Location : Occipital lobe, in front of V2 Function : Processing dynamic visual information and motion Lesions : Can cause deficits in motion perception , but specific impacts of isolated V3 damage are less well understood compared to other visual areas. Function: Think of V3 as handling how we see motion and complex shapes. Example: If you’re watching a car drive by and need to understand its movement and shape, V3 is at work. Damage Effect: If V3 is damaged, you might have trouble seeing movement clearly or recognizing shapes in motion. V4 (Fourth Visual Area) Location : Temporal lobe Function : Color perception and object recognition Lesions : Can lead to achromatopsia (color blindness) and issues with object recognition . V5 (Middle Temporal Area, MT) Location : Temporal lobe Function : Perception of motion Lesions : Result in akinetopsia (motion blindness), where patients cannot perceive motion smoothly. Function: V5 is like the motion detective of the brain. It tells us if something is moving and how fast it’s moving. Example: If you see a ball being thrown and can track its speed and direction, V5 is at work. Damage Effect: If V5 is damaged, you might see the ball as a series of still images instead of a smooth motion (motion blindness). V6 (Visual Area 6) Location : Parieto-occipital sulcus Function : Processing of visual information related to movement and spatial awareness Lesions : Can impair spatial awareness and visual movement perception , although details about isolated V6 damage are not as well-documented. Helps you understand movement—how objects are moving in your environment. Inferotemporal Cortex (IT) Location : Temporal lobe Function : Recognition of complex objects, faces, and scenes Lesions : Can cause prosopagnosia (inability to recognize faces) and general visual agnosia for complex objects and scenes. Each visual area has a specific role in processing visual information, and damage to these areas results in unique perceptual defi to-date or completely accurate. Always consult a trusted medical source for precise information.