Erectile Dysfunction Definition: Inability to achieve and/or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse. Epidemiology: Prevalence increases with age. Affects 52% of men aged 40-70. More common in men with certain medical conditions. Etiology: Vascular: Atherosclerosis Hypertension Diabetes Hyperlipidemia Smoking Pelvic surgery Neurogenic: Spinal cord injury Stroke Multiple sclerosis Parkinson's disease Diabetes Hormonal: Hypogonadism Hyperprolactinemia Thyroid dysfunction Psychogenic: Anxiety Depression Performance anxiety Relationship problems Medications: Antihypertensives Antidepressants Diuretics Antihistamines Clinical Presentation: Difficulty achieving an erection Difficulty maintaining an erection Decreased libido Ejaculatory dysfunction Diagnosis: Medical history and physical exam Laboratory tests (hormone levels, blood sugar, lipid profile) Doppler ultrasound Nocturnal penile tumescence testing Psychological evaluation Treatment: Lifestyle modifications: Weight loss Exercise Smoking cessation Limit alcohol intake Medications: Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is): sildenafil, vardenafil, tadalafil Alprostadil Yohimbine Hormone replacement therapy (if underlying hormonal deficiency) Psychological counseling Penile injection therapy Vacuum erection devices Penile implants Nursing Interventions: Health education: Lifestyle modifications Medication adherence Stress management Counseling: Address emotional and psychological concerns Provide support and reassurance Patient education: Explain the condition and treatment options Encourage open communication with partner Promote self-care and healthy lifestyle Monitor for side effects: Headache Flushing Dyspepsia Visual disturbances Provide emotional support: Be empathetic and non-judgmental Encourage open communication with partner