Sensorineural Hearing Loss Causes: Noise-Induced Hearing Loss: Acoustic trauma Noise-induced hearing loss Ototoxicity: Aminoglycosides Cisplatin Loop diuretics Meniere's Disease: Endolymphatic hydrops Vertigo Tinnitus Fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss Presbycusis: Age-related hearing loss Gradual, bilateral, symmetric sensorineural hearing loss High-frequency hearing loss Ototoxic Drugs: Antibiotics (aminoglycosides, vancomycin) Diuretics (loop diuretics) Chemotherapeutic agents (cisplatin) Viral Infections: Mumps Measles Cytomegalovirus Noise-Induced Hearing Loss: Exposure to loud noise Damage to hair cells in the cochlea Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease: Unknown cause Fluctuating hearing loss Tinnitus Acoustic Neuroma: Benign tumor of the Schwann cells Hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Idiopathic Rapid onset of hearing loss Noise-Induced Hearing Loss: Exposure to loud noise Damage to hair cells in the cochlea Clinical Features: Hearing loss Tinnitus Vertigo Diagnosis: Audiometry: Pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry Tympanometry: Measures middle ear function Otoacoustic Emissions: Measures outer hair cell function Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials (BAEP): Assesses auditory nerve function Treatment & Management: Hearing aids: Amplify sound Cochlear implants: Surgical implantation of a device to restore hearing Aural rehabilitation: Counseling and training to help patients cope with hearing loss Avoidance of loud noise: Protect hearing from further damage Medication: For underlying causes (e.g., Meniere's disease, autoimmune inner ear disease) Surgical intervention: In cases of acoustic neuroma or other surgical conditions