ANATOMY Rotator Cuff Muscles: Supraspinatus: Initiates abduction Infraspinatus: External rotation Subscapularis: Internal rotation Teres minor: External rotation, adduction, horizontal abduction Shoulder Joint: Ball-and-socket joint Glenoid fossa: Shallow socket Humeral head: Large, spherical head Glenoid labrum: Deepens the socket Rotator cuff muscles: Stabilize the joint Blood Supply: Anterior humeral circumflex artery: Supplies the anterior aspect of the shoulder joint Posterior humeral circumflex artery: Supplies the posterior aspect of the shoulder joint Nerve Supply: Suprascapular nerve: Innervates supraspinatus and infraspinatus Axillary nerve: Innervates deltoid and teres minor Subscapular nerves: Innervate subscapularis Long thoracic nerve: Innervates serratus anterior PATHOLOGY Rotator Cuff Tear: Partial-thickness tear: Involves only part of the tendon Full-thickness tear: Involves the entire tendon Causes: Degenerative changes Trauma Repetitive stress Symptoms: Shoulder pain Weakness Limited range of motion TREATMENT & MANAGEMENT Non-surgical: Rest Ice NSAIDs Physical therapy Surgical: Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair Open rotator cuff repair Debridement Acromioplasty Important Notes: Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent further damage and improve outcomes. Physical therapy is crucial for regaining strength and range of motion. Surgery may be necessary for severe tears or persistent pain. Post-operative rehabilitation is essential for optimal recovery.