Follicle and Luteal Cysts: Overview Follicle Cysts: 1. Definition: Follicle cysts, also known as functional cysts, are fluid-filled sacs that form in the ovary during the menstrual cycle. They develop from ovarian follicles, which are structures that release eggs during ovulation. 2. Types: o Follicular Cysts: Occur when the follicle does not release an egg and continues to grow. They are typically simple, thin-walled cysts that contain clear fluid. o Corpus Luteum Cysts: Formed after the follicle releases an egg. The follicle, now called the corpus luteum, can fill with fluid or blood if it does not dissolve as expected. 3. Etiology: o Hormonal Imbalance: Disruptions in hormonal signaling can lead to the formation of follicle cysts. o Menstrual Irregularities: Irregularities in the menstrual cycle can result in unruptured follicles. 4. Symptoms: o Often asymptomatic, especially if the cyst is small. o Symptoms, if present, may include pelvic pain or discomfort, bloating, and irregular menstrual bleeding. o Larger cysts can cause more pronounced pain and pressure. 5. Diagnosis: o Pelvic Ultrasound: Provides imaging to confirm the presence and size of the cyst. o Physical Examination: Can reveal tenderness or a palpable mass in the pelvic area. o Blood Tests: May be conducted to evaluate hormone levels and rule out other conditions. 6. Treatment: o Observation: Many follicle cysts resolve on their own within a few menstrual cycles. o Pain Management: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may help alleviate discomfort. o Hormonal Therapy: Birth control pills may be used to regulate the menstrual cycle and prevent future cysts. 7. Prognosis: o Generally favorable; most follicle cysts are benign and self-limiting.