Acute Endometritis Definition: Acute endometritis is a sudden inflammation of the endometrium, the lining of the uterus. This condition can develop rapidly and is often associated with infection. It is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention. Etiology:  Bacterial Infections: The most common cause of acute endometritis is bacterial infection, often following childbirth, miscarriage, or abortion. Pathogens include: o Group A Streptococcus o Staphylococcus aureus o Escherichia coli o Anaerobic bacteria (e.g., Bacteroides)  Postpartum Complications: The condition frequently occurs after childbirth due to retained placenta or incomplete uterine cleansing.  Gynecological Procedures: Recent surgical procedures, such as dilation and curettage (D&C), cesarean section, or insertion of intrauterine devices (IUDs), can increase the risk. Symptoms:  Fever: A common symptom, often high and persistent.  Pelvic Pain: Sharp or crampy pain in the lower abdomen.  Abnormal Vaginal Discharge: Foul-smelling or purulent discharge.  Uterine Tenderness: Pain upon palpation of the uterus.  Rapid Onset: Symptoms usually appear suddenly and may progress quickly. Diagnosis:  Clinical Examination: Physical examination often reveals fever, uterine tenderness, and abnormal discharge.  Laboratory Tests: Blood tests may show elevated white blood cell count, indicating infection.  Culture: Swabs of the vaginal discharge or endometrial tissue may be cultured to identify the causative organism.  Ultrasound: Pelvic ultrasound can be used to assess the uterus for abnormalities such as retained products of conception or abscess formation.  Endometrial Biopsy: In some cases, a biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions. Treatment:  Antibiotics: Broad-spectrum antibiotics are usually prescribed to cover a range of bacteria. Treatment may be adjusted based on culture results.  Supportive Care: Includes hydration, pain management, and rest.  Surgical Intervention: In cases where there is retained placenta or abscess formation, surgical intervention such as curettage or drainage may be necessary.  Follow-Up: Regular follow-up is crucial to ensure resolution of the infection and to monitor for potential complications. Complications:  Sepsis: If not treated promptly, acute endometritis can lead to sepsis, a life-threatening systemic infection.  Infertility: Severe or recurrent infections may increase the risk of infertility or future pregnancy complications.  Chronic Endometritis: Untreated or inadequately treated acute endometritis can lead to chronic endometritis, which may require more complex management. Prevention:  Proper Postpartum Care: Ensuring complete removal of the placenta and proper uterine cleaning after childbirth.  Aseptic Techniques: Adhering to sterile techniques during gynecological procedures and use of antibiotics prophylactically when indicated. Acute endometritis is a potentially serious condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications and ensure recovery. Awareness of the symptoms and risk factors can aid in early detection and effective management.