Luteal Cyst 1. Definition: Luteal cysts are a type of functional ovarian cyst that occurs when the corpus luteum, which forms after ovulation, fills with fluid or blood instead of breaking down as it normally would. 2. Etiology: o Incomplete Resorption: The corpus luteum can become cystic if it does not degenerate properly after its role in hormone production post-ovulation. o Hormonal Imbalance: Issues with hormone levels can affect the normal regression of the corpus luteum. 3. Symptoms: o Pelvic Pain: Can cause sharp or dull pain in the lower abdomen. o Menstrual Irregularities: May result in changes to the menstrual cycle, such as delayed or missed periods. o Bloating and Discomfort: Larger cysts may lead to a sensation of fullness or discomfort. 4. Diagnosis: o Pelvic Ultrasound: Used to visualize the cyst and differentiate it from other types of ovarian cysts. o Physical Examination: May reveal tenderness in the pelvic region. o Hormone Levels: Blood tests can be used to assess hormonal balance and function. 5. Treatment: o Monitoring: Many luteal cysts resolve on their own within a few menstrual cycles. o Pain Management: NSAIDs or acetaminophen can help manage symptoms. o Hormonal Therapy: Birth control pills may be prescribed to stabilize hormonal fluctuations and prevent recurrence. 6. Prognosis: o Generally positive; luteal cysts are usually benign and resolve without intervention. Persistent or large cysts may require further evaluation to rule out other conditions. Understanding follicle and luteal cysts is important for effective management and treatment of ovarian cysts, addressing symptoms, and monitoring for potential complications.