Biol Blood Typing Key

Because type AB blood lacks both a and b antibodies, it would appear that an AB person could receive a transfusion of blood from any other type. For this reason, type AB persons are sometimes call universal recipients. It should be noted, however, that type A (h), type B (a) and type. O (a nod b) blood still contain antibodies feither a or b) that opsild cause clumping of type AB cells. Consequently, even for AB individuals, it is always best to use donor blood of the exact same type as the recipient blood. If the matching type is not available and type A, B or O is used, it should be transfused very slowly so that the donor blood is well diluted by the recipient's larger blood volume. Similarly, because type O blood lacks antigens A and B, it would sem that this blood type could be transfused into persons with blood of arty other type. For this reason, persons with type blood are often referred to as universal donors. Type O blood, however, does contain both anti-a and anti-b antibodies, and thus, if it is transfused into a person of a different blood type is should be done slowly to minimize large clumping reactions. The bottom line for winsfusion is that blood types should be matched for transfusions. Blood Typing ABO blood typing is based upon the clumping phenomena of bloods of mixed types. Blood sera antibodies can be isolated from other components of the blood and then used as blood typing sera. Antibodies-b (called Anti-a sera), for example, would clump red blood cells containing A-antigens (type A). Anti-b sera would clump type B blood. Clumping will occur in both sera with type AB blood and in neither sera with type O blood. In the ABO hlood typing procedure, drops of blood are first secured following sterile procedures. A drop of blood is placed in a drop of anti-a sera and another drop is placed in a drop of anti-b sera. The drops are then observed for clumping. The pattern of chumping or non-clumping is interpreted and the blood type determined. The following patterns occur for the various blood types: Blood Type A AB Anti-a Sera Anti-h Sera clumping no clumping no chumping chumping chumping clumping no clumping no chumping Using the ABO Simulated Blood Typing Handout, complete the following and answer the questions. Part 1-Key Terms Define the following Key Terms. 1 Antigens proteins en outside of a cell that Is the Cell 2 Antibodies proteins floating in blood that mark foreign cells to be destroyed by the immune system. 3. Multiple Allales- more than two alleles for a gene exist in a populatio 4 Codominance both alleles ore expressed in heterozygotes Part 2- Questions Answer the following questions. General Safe transfusions of blood depend upon properly matching what? blood types Genetics of Blood Types ABO blood type is determined by the presences or absence of individual's red blood cells. specific antigens on an A person whose red blood cells contain the protein A and the protein B has the blood type AB A person whose red blood cells lack the protein A and the protein B has the blood type, Explain why ABO blood type is an a genetic example of multiple alleles. alleles of the gert List the allele that codes for protein A. IA b/ there are 72 IB no protein. protein B. IBIB OF IBI A person with the phenotype blood type B has the genotype IBIB 13 or A person with b antibodies in their blood plasma has a the blood type A A person with a and b antibodies in their blood plasma has the blood type A person with A and B antigens on their red blood cells has the blood type AB Blood Transfusions 1 What would happen if a person of one blood type received a transfusion of a different blood type? Clumping or death which leads to heart attach, stroke 2 Explain why the mixing of 2 different bloods will cause a clumping of the blood.. When antibodies match the antigen the blood clumps 3 Explain why a person with the Blood Type O produces the a and b antibodies. O blood has no antigens so the the A&B antibodies won't mark it for destruction. 5 Why is blood Type AB called the "universal receiver?" AB people have no antibodies to attack 6 Why is blood Type O called the "universal donor?" donor blood. O blood has no antigens so it cannot be attached by the patient's immune System.