Unit 1 1491 to 1607 (Exploration Era)

Unit 1 1491 to 1607 (Exploration Era) Native American Societies before European ruined it Native American Societies were more diverse Puebloans in the Southwest, Iroquois in the Northeast, Chinook in the Pacific Northwest. South west- Irradiation for Maize (Pueblo) Great Plains- Nomadic (moving from one place to another rather than living in one place all of the time) Northeast-Mixed agriculture Corn, Beans, Squash, hunting Trade networks- extensive trade routes, Mississippian cahokia (Largest pre columbian city) European Exploration/Colonization God, Gold, Glory!!! Columbus led to columbian exchange 1492 Treaty of Tordesillas (1495) Divided America between spain and Portugal Conquistadores- Cortés (Aztecs, 1519), Pizarro (Incas, 1532). The Columbian exchange America to Europe- Maize, Potatoes, Tomatoes, Tobacco caused population growth in Europe!! Europe and Africa went out there and spread Diseases (Smallpox), Wheat, sugar, horses, cattle Caused a decrease in Native Populations. ​ African Slavery- Portuguese left early slave trade causing a replacement to occur with Natives in Spanish Encominenda System) (A system in which spanish conquistador was granted a group of indigenous people for Labor) Spanish/French Colonization Spain- wanted gold and silver and conversion France- Fur trade with natives quebec less violent more intermarriage English Beginnings Roanoke 1587: Failed Colony (Lost colony) Jamestown (1607) First permanent English settlement, Tobacco practically saved Jamestown from going boom in the economy. Unit 2 1607-1754 Colonial Era English Colonies South Colonies- Virginia, Maryland, Corlinas, Georgia - Cash Cripes, Tobacco, rice, indigo, slavery, plantation economy (Farm Life) New England (Massachuettes, Rhode island): Puritans, Religious(Christianity movement) ,Family Farm Life, trade Middle Colonies(Pennsylvania, New york) Diverse Quakers (offshoot of christianity), Wheat, Bread plugs Slavery/ Racism Bacon's Rebellion 1676- Poor white/blacks rebel—> Race based slaveries (Africans over white slaves) Transatlantic Slave Trade: Africans traded to America Middle passage Native American Drama Philip's war 1675-1676 Native resist colonists but lose land :( British Control/ Resistance Mercantilism- Colonies exist to make Britain rich (Navigation Acts control trade). Salutary Neglect- Britain ignores colonies → they develop self-government. Religion Culture Great Awakening 1730-1740s- Religious Revival questions who is the authority Enlightenment: Reason/Science (beningman Franklin, John Locke's Ideas) Religious VS science Unit 3 1754-1800s Revolution + Early Nation Road to Revolution 1754-1776 French & Indian war 1754-1763; Both could not share Ohio River valley that could be used for trade and expansion. British beat france but went into debit Treaty of paris 1763 Proclamation of 1763 divides the Appalachian mountains Taxes & Protest; British tax colonies (No Taxation without Representation!!) Stamp Act 1765 (Taxes on mail) - Townshend Act 1767 (Taxes on glass, lead,paper,tea) , Tea Act 1773 (Taxes on tea) leads to the Boston Tea Party 1773 (Protest) Continental Congress 1774: Colonies Unite against Britain Battle lexington and concord 1775 first military conflict before American Revolution Declaration of Independence 1776: Thomas Jefferson writes like he's running out of time causing American Revolution 1775-1783 Saratoga(turning point) in American Revolution because it encouraged the France to join York Town( british surrender)1781 ​ Allies France helps the United States win Treaty of Paris 1783 United States independence + land to mississippi River Weak Government; Articles of Confederation 1781-1789 No power to tax, no president, no army (weak)- shays rebellion proves weakness 1786 Constitutional Convention 1787; Scape articles writes the united States constitution New condition & Debates Federalist(Separation of powers protected rights among the three branches of Gov) Federalist( Alexander Hamilton) Stronger Government Anti Federalist(Tomas Jefferson) Fear Tyranny —> Demanding Bill of Rights 1791 Washington's Presidency 1789-1797- Creates cabinet neutrality in wars George Washington's Farewell Address- Warns of Dangers political Factors, Foreign Affairs, Neutrality. Early Challenges Hamilton's Financial Plan: Banks, Tariffs, federalist + democratic republicans working together Whiskey Rebellion 1794: Farmers protest tax→ washington shows whos boss (Gov more stronger) Foreign Issues: French revolution divides the US Neutrality or support France? Unit 4 1800s-1848 Jacksonian democracy + westward expansion Jefferson & The early Republic 1800-1824 Election of 1800: First non problematic power transfer, Federalist—> Democratic-Republicans Louisiana Purchase 1803 Jefferson Buys land from France (US becomes Bigger) War of 1812: US vs Britain over trade—> Star Spangled Banner The Battle of New Orleans- A symbol of american Democracy over the Old European Ideas Monroe Doctrine 1823: Warns Europe “No more colonization in America!!” Market Revolution & Industrialization Factories & Railroads- North builds up Cotton goes Boom: South depends on slavery (Cotton Gin→ More plantations) Immigration: Irish (potatoes) & Germans come to the north side Jacksonian Democracy 1828-1840s Expanded voting- White men (No poverty needed—> More Common men Politics Indian Removal act 1830: Trail of tear (Caused Cherokee to relocate) Bank War: Jackson Kills National banks (Bad Idea) Reform Movement Abolitionism: Frederick Doughlas, Williams Lyoyd Garrison demanded to end slavery!! Women rights: Seneca Falls convention 1848- All men and women are Equal Temperance Fight Against Alcohol Utopian Communities: Shakers Oneida try to perfect societies Westward Expansion & Manifest Destiny Texas 1836 won independence from Mexico and joined the US!!! 1845 Mexican American war 1846-148- United States wins—> Cali south west Oregon Trail: Settlers flood west Slavery Debates Grow Missouri Compromise 1820; keeps balance( Free/slave states) Wilmot Proviso 1846: Attempt to ban slavery in new lands North VS South Unit 5 1848-1877 Civil war + Reconstruction Era Road to Civil war 1844-1861 Manifest Destiny: westward expansion→ Slavery debate increases Mexican American War 184601848; United States wins Territory Wilmot Proviso (tried to banned slavery) Compromise of 1850: Cali free, Fugitive slave act made North mad Fugitive Slave Act– no more hiding slaves must go back where they came from no matter what Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854- Popular Sovereignty→ Bleeding kansans violence Dred Scott 1857; Supreme Court “Slaves aren't citizens” Congress cannot ban slavery Lincoln's election 1860; Southern States secede- Confederacy Forms Civil War 1861-1865 North (Union) (Together) more factories,railroads peop;e South (confederacy)(Separate) Better Generals (lee) fighting defensively