Tree of Life (Phylogenetic Tree)

Tree of Life (Phylogenetic Tree) Phylogenetic Tree: graphic representation of evolutionary relationships between species Phylogenies established by analyzing similarities and differences in traits reflects these relationships among species. Branches that share recent common ancestor represent species that are closely related; branches that are farther apart represent species that are more distantly related   Darwin and Wallace also said: Natural selection can lead to changes within species, as well as between species Specialization: natural selection has caused populations of one species to diverge to form new species Tree of life: family tree of organisms that describes the genealogical relationships among species at its base.   3 major groups of organisms: eukaryotes: Eukarya prokaryotes: Bacteria prokaryotes: Archea L.U.C.A Last Universal Common Ancestor Branch: a lineal sequence preserving the notion of time Node: the place where a branch splits into two or more branches Tip (terminal node): the endpoint of a branch Polytomy: a node that depicts a group of three or more branches Outgroup: a taxon that is the locus of the shortest external branch and helps to root the tree The theory of evolution by natural selection explains the unity and diversity of life Present Present DIVERSITY Human Species change over time as a result of netural selection UNITY UNITY All organisms alive today descended from a common All organisms alive today descended from a common ancestor Origin of life Origin of life ancestor Unity: Some characteristics all cells share: 1. Basic Building Blocks •Carbon based macromolecules Carbohydrates Proteins Nucleic Acid Lipid •96% of living matter is C, H, O, N 2. Info System 3. E Use and Metabolism Repeating units to create complex macromolecules (lipids are an excepton) Polymerization builds repeating units - Depolymerization- breaks down repeating units K Time Time