University:
York University
Course:
SC/BIOL 2021 | Cell Biology
Academic year:

2019
Views:

98

Pages:

3
Author:

Nick T.

Coral Reefs: April 3, 2019 → Pantropical Clustered around the equator. 2 distinct groups →Caribbean of corals Indo-Pacific = higher biodiversity. Corals need: Oligotrophic = Clear water water above 18c Needs moving water. Conducive Conditions: →Lattitude distribution thought to be due to Temp. Fringing Reef develops adjacent to land mass. a continental Barrier Reef: Barrier seperates lagoon and oceans. Atoll once was a voicono. Coral attaches to sides. Flower Garden Banks an unusual reef. Formed on top of flower beds. Functional Reef Groups: Reef: Slope,,, Coral polyp: CaCO3 Skeleton Symbiotic algae: zooxanthallae Coral polup provide CO2 and nutrients For Algae. Hermatypic corals make skeletons - closely related to jelly Fish. Sexually reproduce Asexual. 4 Two types of Sexual reproduction: Spawners = release sperm and eggs. →Brooders = internally Fertilize and release larvae. Biodiversity is super high in coral reefs. Niche theory: Found their niche. Neutral theory: "Just got lucky" Coral Reef PP. Calcareous algae: keeps it intact Turf algae: grazed by herbivores Growth of Reefs have to keep up with Convert reef to coral Sand. sea level. Borers: big and small Free-Living Algae: Coralline and calcareous Balance between Growth and Erosion. Fish and waves breakdown coral reefs. * Reefs are SUPER biodiverse. The more recent extinction event lower the biod- iversity. Sea Urchins: Carnivores. Plankton "Feeds the coral. CP= community production CR= community respiration. Atolls E=0 Barrier Reefs E>0 in-between Fringing Reefs in-between Net production O is enough to support a fishery. Reefs occupy 0.2% of ocean surface. "Tropical Rainforest of the ocean.. -Home to a million species. Source of income from ecotourism. Threats: Biderosion: Chitons, fishes, Crabs. Coral predators: fisn + starfish → Disease Storms Ocean Acidification + SLR. more attributed to temp. A Coral Bleaching is Corals eat from algaes. OR through Filter Feeding. Reef Management: • Intensive managing. 0 Coral Gardening. TPWD Artificial Reefs. *Fisheries Chapter: Large Protein contributor. most Occurs @upwellings and the continental Shelves catch us by-catch is a Constant issue. 90% of fishing occurs 85% of on continental shelf. Fish Stocks have been hammered bu over-Fishing, depletion, or recovering. MSY- Maximum sustaining yield. Harvest Natural losses = Recruitment. •Natural loss and recruitment are deemed constant. MEY Max economic yield.