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If there is only one known author from print sources

In this case, follow author-date format, as in the example from APA generator:

If there are multiple authors

Follow this example of reference for two authors:

If there are from three to five authors, use this example:

In your subsequent citations, only use:

Likewise, if there are more than six authors, only use:

If there is no author or an organization

When sources have no known author or an organization, cite it by title in a signal phrase. Alternatively, use the first word or two in the parentheses. Titles of books and reports are italicized; titles of articles, chapters, and web pages should be in quotation marks. If there is a well-known organization as an author that you refer to, follow this example:

If there is no page number

In such case, for APA 6 style, use chapter or paragraph number, yet only if the chapter or a paragraph are clearly present in the original source. If it is not the case, the page number is not required.

How to combine multiple sources in one APA citation

Such authors are separated with a semicolon and are sorted alphabetically. Follow example created by citation machine:

If there are different authors with a same last name

If such thing happens, provide the first initials of both authors like in the provided example below:

If there are multiple works and author is the same

According to APA format rules, the book’s title or an article like in the example below:

If there are two or more works by same author, published in a same year

Here each source is distinguished with an addition of a lower-case letter after publication’s year. As an example:

Books and sources with editors in-text citations

Electronic sources with no author or non-print sources

If page’s author is unknown, start with existing title instead. If publication date is not listed, use abbreviation (n.d.). Like in this citer example:

However, if you cite from an online periodical, the final result should look this way:

How to cite indirect sources

An indirect source is when you have a source that is also cited in a different source. If such challenge is faced, name original source in your signal phrase. Next, list secondary source in a reference list and include this secondary source in parentheses. As an example:

APA book citation, If there is only one known author

Format it this way:

If there is no author and only editor’s name available

If there are multiple authors for APA source

How to reference Journal Articles and Academic Journals in APA Citation

Basic academic APA article citation:

APA Website Citation

Citing most common web page types, follow this format:

If there is no author per se, use the (n.d.).

Newspapers APA Citation

Anthologies, Encyclopedias, and complex sources citing with no author

Encyclopedia citing example:

Citing an article in an anthology with several editors, follow this:

Multi-volume book APA citations

Make sure to follow this example:

For APA poetry citation

It should include poet’s name, poem title in quotes, book title (italicized), if available, name of the editor, city of publication, a publisher, publication year, and page’s number(s).

Example:

If cited poem is only available online and not published:

Electronic sources citing references

General reference:

Personal Interviews and Social Media citation in APA

For personal interview citation, use:

According to the APA manual, do not include personal communication in the References list. Simply parenthetically cite the communicator’s name, phrase “personal communication,” and date of communication in your main text only. See below:

For social media sources, Include title of the message, and the URL of source newsgroup or discussion board. Remember that titles for items in online communities (e.g. blogs, newsgroups, forums) are not italicized. If the author’s name is not available, provide the screen name. If possible, provide the URL where the cited message is archived (e.g. “Message posted to…, archived at…”). See this example:

Blogs and Magazines citation in APA style

For online blogs, always include message title with a working web link. Once again, titles for items in online communities (e.g. blogs, newsgroups, forums) are not italicized! If no author name is known, use the screen name.

Songs and Movies, Youtube APA citation

In the APA manual 7th edition, you should still specify location and place if you talk about where your recording (CD or audio tape) have been recorded or when you talk about conference or lecture. If you talk about a physical location that poses any importance, it must be included.

For music recordings, citing format is:

For movies and video sources, see this example:

Youtube APA citation:

Lectures and Presentations citations

Presentation reference should include Contributor’s Name. (Year, Month). Title of contribution. Title of conference. Conference conducted at the meeting of Organization Name, Location. Example:

APA style for translated books

Using translated books, follow this template:

There are many more citation examples that you may easily get help with from APA citation generator or asking our APA format citation experts at EduBirdie.