Module 1 Dive Into WindowsServer Hybrid Infrastructure

Microsoft Exam AZ800: Guide to Administering Windows Server Hybrid Core Infrastructure, 1e Module 1: Dive Into Windows Server Hybrid Infrastructure 1 Icebreaker: Interview Simulation 1. The class will be broken up into pairs of students. 2. Each pair of students will interview each other to discover interesting or unusual facts 3. Then each pair will introduce each other to the class. 4. Think about connecting a story from your personal experiences to topics that are relevant to this course. 2 Module Objectives By the end of this module, you should be able to: 1. Explain the role a server operating system has in a network 2. Explain the core technologies of Windows Server 3. Describe the Windows Server Hybrid infrastructure 3 The Role of a Server Operating System • The functions a server performs depends on the following factors: − The type of business using the server − The size of the business − The extent to which the business has committed to using technology to aid operations • A server is technology that provides services a business needs to help its operations 4 Server: Hardware or Software? • A computer becomes a server when software is installed on it that provides a network service to client computers • OSs such as Windows 11 and its predecessors are designed to be installed on desktop computers − These OSs can perform server functions such as file and printer sharing • Windows Server 2022 and its predecessors are designed as server operating systems − But you can use Windows Server on your desktop computer 5 Server Operating Systems Versus Desktop Operating Systems (1 of 2) • Windows Server 2022 deemphasizes many of Windows 11’s user interface bells and whistles in favor of a less flashy and less resource-intensive user interface • Microsoft makes the Server Core version with no graphical interface the default Windows Server 2022 installation option • Windows Server is performance-tuned to run background processes so that client computers can access network services faster 6 Server Operating Systems Versus Desktop Operating Systems (2 of 2) • Windows 11 supports only Hyper-V, File and Printer Sharing, Web Server, and FTP Server in limited capacity • Windows 11 is restricted to 20 logged-on network users, whereas on a Windows Server 2022 computer, users are limited only by the number of purchased licenses • Windows Server 2022 includes fault-tolerance features such as the following: − Redundant array of independent disks (RAID) volumes − Load balancing − Clustering 7 Windows Server 2022 Roles and Features (1 of 3) • A server role is a major function or service that a server performs • Role services add functions to the main role • Windows server roles and role services are installed in Server Manager by clicking Manage and clicking Add Roles and Features • Server features provide functions that enhance or support an installed role or add a stand-alone function • A server can be configured for a single role or several roles 8 Windows Server 2022 Roles and Features (2 of 3) Figure 1-1 Adding roles and features with Server Manager 9 Windows Server 2022 Roles and Features (3 of 3) Figure 1-2 Available server roles in Windows Server 2022 10 Knowledge Check Activity 1-1 When Windows Server 2022 is installed on a computer, the computer’s role in a network is always as a server. True or False? a. True b. False 11 Knowledge Check Activity 1-1: Answer When Windows Server 2022 is installed on a computer, the computer’s role in a network is always as a server. True or False? Answer: b. False Explanation: While Windows Server 2022 is designed as a server OS, what matters most is how it is used and the software that is installed on it. A user could install Windows Server 2022 and use it as a generalpurpose client computer by installing office productivity software, games, and other user- or client-oriented software. 12 Windows Server 2022 Core Technologies • Core technologies include the following: − Server Manager − New Technology File System (NTFS) − Microsoft Management Console (MMC) − Disk Management − File and printer sharing − Windows networking − Active Directory − PowerShell − Hyper-V and cloud computing − Storage Spaces 13 Server Manager (1 of 2) • Server Manager provides a single interface for installing, configuring, and removing a variety of server roles and features • It includes tools to diagnose problems, manage storage, and perform general configuration tasks • Server Manager can be used to manage all servers in your network • The Dashboard shows a list of tasks, summarizes installed roles, and shows available servers to manage 14 Server Manager (2 of 2) Figure 1-3 Server Manager Dashboard view 15 NTFS • NT File System (NTFS) was introduced in Windows NT in the early 1990s • One of the important features of NTFS is the capability to set user and group permissions on both folders and files − Administrators can specify which users can access a file and what users can do with a file if granted access − This feature increases a server environment’s security 16 Microsoft Management Console (1 of 2) • Microsoft Management Console (MMC) creates a centralized management interface for administrators • MMC uses snap-ins, which are designed to perform specific administrative tasks (such as Disk Management) • An important feature of an MMC is the capability to connect to servers remotely − Using this feature, you can install management tools on a Windows 11 workstation and manage a Windows Server 2022 computer without having to sign in at the server console r part. 17 Microsoft Management Console (2 of 2) Figure 1-5 An MMC with the Disk Management snap-in 18 Disk Management • To manage disk and volumes on a Windows Server 2022 computer, you can use the Disk Management snap-in or the File and Storage Services role • Both tools can be used to do the following: − Monitor the status of disks and volumes − Initialize new disks − Create and format new volumes − Troubleshoot disk problems − Configure redundant disk configurations (RAID) • File and Storage Services lets you create storage pools for Storage Spaces r inpart. 19 File and Printer Sharing • Windows Server 2022 file and printer sharing offers advanced features such as the following: − Shadow copies, disk quotas, and the Distributed File System (DFS) • More complex configurations that offer redundancy, version control, and user storage restrictions are also available 20 Windows Networking Concepts (1 of 5) • Computers in a Windows network environment can be configured to participate in one of the following two network security models: − A Windows workgroup is a small collection of computers also called a peer-to-peer network  A Windows Server that participates in a workgroup is referred to as a standalone server − A Windows domain is a group of computers that share common management and are subject to rules defined by an administrator  A domain controller is a Windows server that has the Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) role installed 21 Windows Networking Components (2 of 5) • A collection of networking components working together is called a network connection • A network interface is composed of two parts: the network interface card (NIC) and the device driver software − It is configured in the Network Connections window (see Figure 1-6) • A network protocol specifies the rules and format of communication between network devices − Today, most administrators need to work with only TCP/IPv4 and TCP/IPv6 − To configure a network protocol, select it and click the Properties button 22 Windows Networking Components (3 of 5) Figure 1-6 The Network Connections window 23 Windows Networking Components (4 of 5) Figure 1-7 Properties of a network connection r inpart. 24 Windows Networking Components (5 of 5) • A network client is the part of the OS that sends requests to a server to access network resources − In Windows, the client software is Client for Microsoft Networks • Network server software receives requests for shared network resources and makes those resources available to a network client − In Windows, this server software is File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks r inpart. 25 Active Directory Domain Services • The Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) role installs Active Directory and turns a Windows Server 2022 computer into a domain controller • The main purpose of AD DS is to handle authentication and authorization for users and computers in a Windows domain environment • Active Directory stores information in a centralized database, giving administrators a tool to achieve the following tasks: − Deploying user and computer policies − Installing software − Applying patches and updates to client computers in the domain r inpart. 26 PowerShell (1 of 2) • PowerShell is a command-line interactive scripting environment used for management tasks in a Windows Server environment − The names of PowerShell cmdlets are structured as verb-noun pairs with one or more parameters that are specified after the cmdlet name − To see information about a particular disk, you could use the following cmdlet: Get-Disk –Number 1 − Not all parameters require values − In some cases, the value for a parameter can be stored in a variable, which is a temporary storage location that holds values r inpart. 27 PowerShell (2 of 2) • The following are some useful tips for using PowerShell: − To list all the cmdlets that start with Get, type Get-Command Get-* − To list all the cmdlets that have the word disk in them, type Get-Command *disk* − To get help on a cmdlet, type Get-Help cmdlet where cmdlet is the name of the cmdlet − PowerShell can take the output of one cmdlet and pipe it to another cmdlet  To do this, use the pipe character (|) r inpart. 28 Hyper-V and Cloud Computing (1 of 3) • Cloud computing is a collection of technologies for abstracting the details of how applications, storage, network, and other computing resources are delivered to users • Virtualization uses software to emulate multiple hardware environments so that multiple operating systems can run on the same physical server simultaneously • A virtual machine (VM) is the virtual environment that emulates a physical computer’s hardware and BIOS and a guest OS is the OS running in a VM • A host computer is the physical computer on which VM software is installed and VMs run 29 Hyper-V and Cloud Computing (2 of 3) • Virtualization software is the software for creating and managing VMs and creating the virtual environment in which a guest OS is installed • The hypervisor is the virtualization software component that creates and monitors the virtual hardware environment • Hyper-V is software that provides services to create and manage virtual machines on a Windows Server 2022 computer • Installing an OS on a virtual machine is done using the same methods used on a physical machine r inpart. 30 Hyper-V and Cloud Computing (3 of 3) • Public Cloud Versus Private Cloud − The public could is a cloud computing service provided by a third party  Examples include DropBox, OneDrive, and Google Apps − A private cloud is a cloud computing service provided by an internal IT department  Typical services include virtual desktops, storage, and applications − With virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) users connect to private cloud with a Web browser or client software  They can access their desktop from any Internet connection r inpart. 31 Storage Spaces • Storage Spaces is a tool that uses virtual drives to give you a platform for creating volumes of storage pools that can be dynamically expanded and fault tolerant • Volumes can be created from multiple drive types, including USB, SATA, and SAS • Drives can be internal or external, and RAID volumes need not be created from same-sized disks • It permits thin provisioning, which means the physical disk space isn’t allocated for a volume until it’s actually needed inpart. 32 Knowledge Check Activity 1-2 Which of the following is considered network server software that is preinstalled on Windows Server 2022? a. Client for Microsoft Networks b. Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol c. Network interface device driver d. File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks 33 Knowledge Check Activity 1-2: Answer Which of the following is considered network server software that is preinstalled on Windows Server 2022? Answer: d. File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks Explanation: Only File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks is considered network server software. Client for Microsoft Networks is client software. Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol is the primary networking protocol that client and server software run on, and a network interface driver is a software component that communicates with the NIC to read and write network data from and to the media 34 Introducing the Windows Server Hybrid Infrastructure • The Windows Server Hybrid Infrastructure is the marriage of Windows Server running on-premises and Windows Server running in the Microsoft Azure cloud • Some attributes of cloud computing in the context of a hybrid infrastructure include the following: − Scalable − Agile − Current 35 Cloud Models • The three main categories of cloud service include the following: − Software as a service, where the customer pays for the use of applications that run on a service provider’s network − Platform as a service, where the customer develops applications with the service provider’s tools and infrastructure − Infrastructure as a service, where companies use a provider’s computing power, storage, and various infrastructure services as needed  This model is the focus of Microsoft Azure 36 Getting Started with Microsoft Azure (1 of 2) • Once you have an Azure account, you have access to creating various services • From the Quickstart Center, you create new services, including creating web applications, deploying virtual machines, and setting up a database • In this book, you will be working with Azure VMs and with various Azure services such as Azure Active Directory, Azure DNS, and Azure file services 37 Getting Started with Microsoft Azure (2 of 2) Figure 1-21 The Azure Quickstart Center 38 Creating an Azure Virtual Machine • You can deploy an Azure VM by going to the Quickstart Center and clicking Start in the Deploy a virtual machine box • Activity 1-9 walks you through the process of creating an Azure VM • By default, the VM is configured with Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP), which is available through a public IP address so you can access the VM user interface after the OS is installed − It’s best to disable RDP after you initially configure the VM r in 39 Accessing an Azure Virtual Machine • You can access your new VM by clicking the VM name you assigned during the creation process, clicking Connect, and then clicking RDP to get a remote desktop connection • You will see an option to download an RDP file that will attempt to start an RDP session with your VM • Once logged in, you will see your Windows Server 2022 desktop − You can then do everything with your Azure VM that you can do with a physical or virtual machine in your own network r in 40 Knowledge Check Activity 1-3 What protocol is enabled by default on an Azure VM and allows a user to access the VM console via a public IP address? a. RDP b. SSH c. HTTP d. VNC 41 Knowledge Check Activity 1-3: Answer What protocol is enabled by default on an Azure VM and allows a user to access the VM console via a public IP address? Answer: a. RDP Explanation: Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) is enabled by default on a new Azure VM that runs Windows Server 2022, and it can be accessed by a public IP address; however, you can disable it if you prefer. 42 Self Assessment What are the differences between a client and a server in a network environment? What is meant by a hybrid environment as it relates to Microsoft? 43 Summary Now that the lesson has ended, you should be able to: 1. Explain the role a server operating system has in a network 2. Explain the core technologies of Windows Server 3. Describe the Windows Server Hybrid infrastructure 44