Quick Revision Botany And Zoology Part - 1

QUICK REVISION BOTANY AND ZOOLOGY PART-1 1. 2. 3. 4. National flower of Indian-Lotus (Nelumbium nuckfera = Nelumbo speciosum) National fruit of Indian - Mango (Mangifera indica) Smallest Angiosperm - Wolffia arrhiza, rootless free floating plant Tallest Gymnosperm-Sequoiadendron sempervirens (=Sequoia gigantea) called Douglosfir or Californian red wood tree) 5. Smallest tree-Dwarf willow (Salix) found in tundra region 6. Smallest Gymnosperm - Zamia pygmea (25 cm tall) 7. Fasterst growing plant-Bambusa 8. Fastest growing tree-Albizia falcata 9. Grass tree-Bamboo (Bambusa) 10. Smallest flower - Wolffia microscopica (duckweed) 0.1mm, Arceuthobium 11. Largest flower-Rafflesia amoldi (1mt in dia, wt. 7 kg) 12. Largest flower of India - Sapria (a root Parasite) 13. Largest inflorescence - Amorphophallus 14. Largest Coteledons - Capsella Brusa pestoris (Shepherd’s purse) 15. Biggest fruit - Lodoicea maldivica (Double coconut, wt. 6 kg) 16. Smallest seeds - Orchids (wt. 0.004 mg) 17. Smallest algae - Chlamydomonas (green alga) 18. Largest Algae - Macrocystis (Brown Alga kelp) upto 60 mt. 19. Most poisonous fungi - Amanita phalloides (toxic substance - Phattin) 20. Smallest fungi - Yeast 21. Walking fern - Adiantum caudatum (maiden hair fern) 22. Joker of plant kingdom - Mycoplasma (PPLO) 23. Jewels of plant kingdom - Desmids (algae) and diatoms 24. A gift of old world to Wheat (Triticum). It is most new world acreage crop of India 25. . Oldest cultivated crop - Barley (Hordeum vulgare) 26. Highest yielding cereal - Maize (grain) crop 27. Largest and widest cultivated crop - Rice (Oryza sativa) 28. Most advanced family - Compositae in dicots and Gramineae in monocots 29. Maximum number of chromosomes in Angiosperms – Poa litorosa 2n = 266 30. Poisonous mushroom - Tood Stoal 31. Largest chromosomes - Trillium govanianum (30 mm) 32. Guinea pig of microbiology and weed of laboratories - Aspergillus niger 33. Bhojpatra - Betula utilis - Bark of this plant was used to write manuscript in ancient times. 34. Red Data book - A book containing information of endangered plants and animals. 35. Green Data book - A book with list of rare plants growing in protected areas like gardens. 36. Maximum fruits are provioded by family-Ritaceae 37. Maximum vegetables are provided by family - Solanaceae 38. Maximum ovules per locule in the ovary - Solanaceae 39. Ovary obliquely placed - Solanaceae. 40. Telome-Ultimate terminal part of dichotomous axis. Telome theory in pteridophytes ( tracheophytes) was given by Zimmerman. 41. True moss - Cord moss (Funaria), Maiden hair moss (Pogonatum, Peat/Bog moss sphagnum), hair cap/Pigeon moss (Polytrichum). 42. True nuts - Oak nut, Cashewnut, Litchi, Pista, Walnut (Juglans), Chestnut (Castaena) 43. Paired Ovaries didelphic, fertilization internal Eggs many. 44. Canada Balsam - Used to mount section in making permanent Slides; obtained from Abies balsamea (a gymnosperm) 45. Cedarwood oil - Used in oil immesion lens, obtained (Immersion oil) from Juniperus verginiana. Its refractive index is 1.5 which is equal to glass. 46. Hing-Gum resin obtained from roots of Ferula asafotida 47. Vanilla-Obtined from ripe capsules of an orchid Vanilla planifolia. 48. Litmus - From a lichen, Rocella tinctoria. 49. Camphor - From leaves/twigs of Cinnamomum camphora by distillation 50. Peppermint - From aerial shoots of Mentha piperata 51. Khus oil - From roots of Vetiveria zizanoids (a grass) 52. Lemon grass oil - From Cympodium ( a grass) 53. Indigo (Blue neel dye) - From leaves of Indigofera tinctoria, 54. Acita bullaria.- Largest cell in plants 55. Coir fibre - Mesocarp of Coconut fruit (Cocos nucifera) 56. Saffron - Stigma and styles of flower of Crocus satives (Iridaceae). 57. Century Plant - Agave amesicana 58. Clove. It is dried floral buds of Syzygium aromaticum 59. Triticale - Synthetic wheat made by intergeneric hybridization between bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Rye (Secale cereale). 60. Bengal famine of 1943-Due to leaf spot disease of rice caused by a fungus Helminthosporium oryzae, 61. Irish famine of 1945-46 - Due to late blight of potato caused by a fungus phytophthora infestans (oomycetes), 62. Largest winges seed - Zononia macrocarpa (measuring upto 10cm). 63. Smallest Bryophyte - Zoopsis 64. Largest Bryophyte - Dowsonia 65. Longest Bryophyte-Fontinalis antipyretica 66. Largest male gamete among all living beings cycas largest ovule & egg are of cycas 67. Smallest Pteridophyte - Azolla ( a water fern). 68. Largest male gometes among all living beings - Cycas 69. Tallest tree - Eucalyptus regnans (it 114mt.) 70. Plant with largest leaves - Victoria regia (native of Australia, Brazil and Guinea) 71. Heavest wood - Guiacum officinale (vitae) 72. Lightest wood - Ochroma lagopus (Balsa) 73. Largest cell - Ostrich egg (170x135 m.m) 74. Smallest cell like structure - Mycoplasma gellisepticum (0.10.5u) 75. Maximum no. of chromosomes = 1262 in Ophioglossum (fern) 2n = 1266 76. Minimum no of chromosomes - Haplogappus gracilis 2n = 4 77. Largest chromosomes - Trillium (30u) 78. Smallest chromosomes - Algae (0.255u). 79. Early blight - Caused by Alternaria Solani. 80. Powdery mildew - Erysiphe and Uncinula 81. Downy mildew - Pernospora and Plasmophara 82. Damping of seedling - Caused by Pythium. 83. Club rot disease of cabbage - Plasmo diophora. 84. Black rust of wheat - Puccinia Graminis. 85. De Historia Plantarum written by Theophrastus, 86. Theorie Elementaire de la Botanique written by De Condolle, 87. Genera Plantarum written by Bentham and Hooker 88. Species Plantarum written by Linnaus. 89. Micrographia written by Robert Hooke. 90. Anatomia plantarum written by Marcello Malphighi. 91. The physical Basis of life written by Huxley. 92. Die naturlichen pflanzen familien written by Engler and Prant. 93. Structure and reproduction of Algae written by Fritsch. 94. The families of flowering plants written by Hutchinson. 95. Flora of British India written by J.D. Hooker. 96. Flora of India written by W. Roxburgh.. 97. Philosophic zoologic written by Lamarck. 98. Mycoplasma, also called pleuro pneumonia like organisms (PPLO) have smallest cells (0.1-mm) or organism (Mycoplasma laidlavi) having a cell membrane but lack cell wall. They contain both DNA and RNA. DNA is in the form of two stranded filament while RNA is found in the form of granules combined with protein (resembling ribosome of eucaryotic cells). They cause various disease in plants such as little leaf disease of brinjal, Aster yellows, Mulberry dwarf, Citrus greening, Sandal spike, grassy shoot of sugarcane witches broom and buncy banana. Due to pleomorphism they are called as greening, Sandal spike, grassy shoot of sugarcane. Due to pleomorphism they are called as Jokers in microbiological park (Joker of plant kingdom). 99. Plant viruses contain RNA but bacteriophages (virus attacking bacteria). Cauliflower mosaic virus (Caulimovirus) and Cyanophages have DNA. Cyanophages viruses infect blue green algae. Safferman and Moris (1963) discovered cyanophage virus infecting Lyngbya, Phormedium and Plectonema and named it! LPP-1, by taking the initial letter of these algal hosts. In India Prof. R.N. Sing discovered a few cyanophage virses such as C 1 (infecting Cylindospermum) and AR-1 (infecting Anabaena and Raphidiopsis).