Biology 2022 Semester Final Exam Review

2022 Semester Final Exam Review Name: Unit 1: Defining Life 1. List or draw a model of the 8 characteristics of life and describe how each characteristic of life is necessary for organisms to survive and continue the species. Grow Respond Respond Reproduce DNA Metabolism Homeostasis Evolve Cells 2. Compare and contrast viruses which are usually considered nonliving to bacteria which are considered living. Which characteristics of life do bacteria have that viruses do not? Which characteristics do they have in common? Make a table or a venn diagram as a graphic organizer to organize your thoughts. Viruses do not reproduce w/out a host Cannot Metabolize nutrients Not made of cells 3. One characteristic of life is reproduction for continuation of the species. Distinguish between the two types of reproduction: asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction. Identical of spring Genetically different Can survive environmental 4. Think back to the earthworms we worked with as model organisms. Define adaptation and then Changes describe some of the adaptations that help the earthworm fulfill its niche or role in its environment. Digestive Organs-mouth, intestines Wet skin to absorb D₂ Setae (hairs to move) 5. Consider the adaptations you listed in Q4. How do those adaptations help an organism to evolve? Define evolution and connect adaptations to that process. Evolution = change in a Adaptations traits that help survival Which leads to changes in the population Species over time 6. Define homeostasis. Provide at least two examples of homeostasis in humans. What is something that our body systems have to regulate and balance for us to survive? Stable Internal Conditions Body Temperature Blood sugar levels 7. Response to stimuli can also refer to various behaviors organisms possess. Provide at least two examples of (1 for a plant, 1 for an animal) of how those organisms respond to stimuli in order to survive. Shined light at earthworm Worm moved away Stimulus 个 Response Unit 2 Biochemistry 1. Construct the table below for the four classes of macromolecules on another sheet of paper and complete the chart. Organic Compound Monomer or Components Elements Structure Functions Carbohydrates Monosaccharide (Glucose) CHO Quick energy Cell Wall Lipids Fatty Acids CHO stored energy Insulation Proteins Amino Acids CHON 00000 Structure Catalysts Nucleic Acids Nucleotides CHONP 20 or Genetic Info *ATP 2022 Semester Final Exam Review Name: 2. Examine the model of a lipid to the right. Infer why the long chains of carbon and hydrogen (hydrocarbon chains) allow lipids to be good for long-term energy storage. More bonds-more potential energy. 3. Evaluate the model below. Identify each molecule and describe what is occurring at each step. For the identification, use the following terms/phrases: glucose (product), enzyme, fructose, substrate (sucrose), fructose (product), active site, induced fit for hydrolysis. H The substrate, s of glucan fructose bandest together. Bone The substrate binds to the enzyme, forming an enzyme-substrata complex. Fructose Products are relate and the enzymes free to bind the substrates Active SRE Enzyme The binding of the substrate and enzyme places stress on the glucose fructose band and the bond treaks. 4. Evaluate the model to the right. Identify which process is illustrated, hydrolysis or dehydration synthesis. Identify the molecule released in both Reaction A and B that supports your claim. dehydration Synthesis 5. Using model 2 from the previous A. question, predict which molecule would need to be added to reverse the process. Model 2 Biochemical Reactions B. Cilucine Fructose PHON CHOH Amino acid 1 Amina acid 2 но Unit 3 Cells and Cell Transport SULT Dipeptide 2022 Semester Final Exam Review Name: 1. Examine the following model of a cell. Classify the cell as prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Explain why. Animal Cell Eukaryote it has a nucleus torganelles 2. Examine the model of the cell. The cell is classified as an animal cell. Identify at least 3 pieces of evidence from the model that justify that it is animal cell. Animal cell No cell wall, Centrioles are present, No Chloroplasts 3. Complete the following table for the various cell parts and organelles on a separate sheet of paper. Cell Part/Organelle prokaryotes, Is it found in eukaryotes or both? Is it found in a plant cell, animal cell or both? Function Provide an example of how it interacts with another cell part nucleus E B Hold DNA cytoplasm B B Hold cell parts Cell membrane B B Controls cell transport Cell wall B P External no Support Chloroplast E P Photosynthesis Lysosome E B digestion Golgi E B Ship/Modify Proteins Endoplasmic Reticulum E B Detox Make Lipids Ship proteins Vacuoles E B Storage Ribosomes B B E B Make proteins Make ATP Mitochondria 1 You do this Research