General Themes Of Existentialism

Philosophical work FRANCIS BACON Francis Bacon is perhaps best known for his work in the field of natural history. Unlike Plato (who claimed knowledge could be obtained through understanding the meaning of words and content) and Aristotle (who placed emphasis on empirical data), Bacon emphasized observation, experimentation, and interaction and began to create methods that would rely on concrete evidence in an effort to explain science. Bacon's 4 ldols Francis Bacon believed that the works of Aristotle (with whom scholastic thinkers until then) actually prevented the ability to think independently and acquire new ideas about nature. Bacon argued that through the advancement of science, the quality of human life could improve, and therefore, man could no longer rely on the work of ancient philosophers. Francis Bacon was so disillusioned with the philosophical thinking of his time that he categorized people's thought processes into four categories of false knowledge, which he referred to as "idols." The four statues are: 1. Tribal idols: these are false ideas that arise from human nature that are common to everyone. For example, human nature makes people look for evidence that supports their own conclusions, makes people try to have things that fit the pattern, and causes beliefs to be influenced by what people want to believe 2. Cave idols: this is the interpretation that occurs as a result of the character and the individual's character. For example, some may prefer the equation while others prefer the difference, and some may support the conclusion of the former 3. Market idols: these are false ideas that arise from the use of language and words as a means of communicating with each other. For example, words can have a variety of meanings, and people have the ability to name and imagine things that don't actually exist. 4. Idols in the theater: Francis Bucon believed that philosophy was no better than playing. For Bacon, sophistic philosophy such as Aristotle's focuses more on intelligence but ignorance rather than the natural world; Empirical philosophy focuses only on a small number of experiments and discards too many other possibilities; And, a superstitious philosophy, which is confirmed by religion and superstition, is an offensive philosophy. For Francis Bacon, superstitious philosophy is the worst false idea. Inductive methods With his belief that knowledge should be pursued and his critique of today's philosophy, Francis Bacor sought to create a new and organized method that would ultimately become his greatest contribution to the world of philosophy. In his book, Novum Organum, he explains the details of his inductive, also known as scientific. Method. This inductive method combines the careful process of nature observation with systematic data collection. Although deductive methods (such as Aristotle's) begin by using one or more true statements as a basis and then attempt to prove other true statements, inductive methods begin by observing nature. And try to find laws and theories related to how nature works. Basically, methed deductive using logic and inductive methods using natire Acon's emphasis on Bacon's experiments emphasizes the importance of experimentation in its work and believe believe that experiments need to be recorded carefully so that the results are reliable and repeatable. The process of the inductive method is as follows: 1. collect a series of specific empirical observations about the characteristics being investigated. 2. Group these facts into three categories: for example when the characteristics under investigation are present, e.g. when they are absent, and when they exist at different levels 3. Through careful examination of the results, reject the notion that the event seems to be irresponsible and identify the possible causes responsible for the event.