An essay on Human Understanding

JONH LOCKE (1632 – 1704) John Locke was born on August 29, 1632, in Somerset, England, to a Puritan family. Locke's father, a lawyer who could also be a captain! Civil war ish, good relations with the British army. As a result, Locke was able to receive an outstanding and diverse education. In 1647, while attending Westminster School in London, Locke was given the title of King scholar (an honor for a select few), and in 1652, Locke attended Oxford's most religious school, Christ Church. At Christ Church, John Locke was more familiar with metaphysics and logic, and while pursuing his art skills, he immersed himself in the work of Descartes and Robert Boyle (considered the father of chemistry) and pursued a career as a physician. In 1665, Locke befriended Lord Ashley (who became the founder of the Whig party and would become the Earl of Shaftesbury), one of England's most accomplished statesmen, who came to Oxford in search of medical treatment. Lord Ashley invited Locke to stay in London and work for him as his personal physician, and Locke moved there in 1667. As Lord Ashley's powers and responsibilities increased, so did Locke's, and he soon found himself employed in trade and colonization. One of Lord Ashley's projects was to colonize the Carolinas in the New World, and Locke was instrumental in writing the country's constitution. It was at this time that Locke became interested in philosophical discussions. In 1674, with Lord Ashley no longer in government, Locke returned to Oxford to obtain a bachelor's degree and then Traveled to France, where he spent a lot of time studying Protestantism. Upon his return to England in 1679, Locke became embroiled in a debate. When it seemed that Charles Il and parliament were fighting for power and revolution, Locke's involvement in the assassination attempt on the king and the king's brother forced Locke to leave the country. It was during this time that Locke also wrote two highly regarded government treatises. While living in exile in the Netherlands, Locke probably completed his most famous work, an essay on human understanding. Which he had started when he was in France. Locke was finally able to return to England in 1688, when William of Orange invaded England, forcing James II (who ruled after his brother, Charles 11, died) to flee to France, starting a glorious revolution. After Locke returned to England, an essay on human understanding and two treatises on government were published. The noble Revolution had a profound impact un Engiand and shifted power from the king of an i to the parliament of John Locke not on! Y is considered a hero today; His contributions to western philosophy have proven that he is one of the greatest thinkers in human history. His philosophical works deal with empire, epistemology, government, gods, religious tolerance, and private property. An essay on Human Understanding John Locke's most famous work, an essay on human understanding, deals with fundamental questions about the Mind, thoughts, language, and parsing, and is broken down into four books. In his Essay, Locke provides a systematic philosophy that seeks to answer questions about our way of thinking. As a result of his work, Locke changed the philosophical dialogue from metaphysics and towards epistemology. I. Ocke opposed the idea put forward by other schools of philosophy (such as Plato and Descartes) that people are born with intelligence! Innate, fundamental principles and knowledge. He argued that this idea meant that all human beings universally accepted certain principles, and since there were no universally accepted principles (and if they were, they would not be the result of the knots they brought outward), this was not true. In short, people differ in moral ideas, so moral knowledge cannot be innate. In fact, Locke believed that humans are tabula rasa, or empty slates, who acquire knowledge through experience. The xperience creates simple ideas (based on senses, reflections, and senses), and as these simple ideas combine, they become more complex (through comparison, abstraction, and combination) and form knowledge. Ideas can also be divided into two categories: 1. Primary (which cannot be separated from that issue and is very clear whether or not a person sees it for example, size, shape, and motion) 2. Second (which is separate from the matter and will only be accepted when the problem is sluggish e.g., taste and smell) Finally, Locke objected to Plato's concept of essence, the idea that humans can only identify a person to be part of a species because of its essence. Locke created his own theory of essence based on observable properties (which he called nominal essences) and the invisible structures that make up observable properties which he called real esscnces). For example, we can form an idea and create an essence of what makes a dog based on what we observe and based on the dog's biology (which is responsible for observable traits). In the face of Locke, human knowledge is limited, and humans should be aware of these limitations. TWO STEPS OF GOVERNMENT In both aspects of his government, Locke detailed his beliefs about human nature and politics. Locke's anchor of political power is the assumption that human beings have the right to private property. According to Locke, when God created man, man only needed to live according to the laws of nature, and as long as peace was maintained, he could do whatever he wanted. The right of human beings to take care of themselves means that humans also have the right to have the things needed for a person to survive and live happily; And that has been provided by Allah Since he is the owner of his own body, any product or good which is the result of his physical labor should also belong to him. A man who decides to farm and create food, for example, must be the owner of the land and the food produced from the land. According to Locke's idea of private property, one should not take over something if others are harmed in the process because God wants everyone to be happy, and man should not take more than he needs, because it can be used by others. However, since there are immoral people, humans must make laws that protect tc in order to have property and freedom. That's the government's only goal, Locke believes, is to support the well-being of all. And although some natural rights were handed over when the government was established, the government also surrendered The ability to protect rights is more effective than a single person. If the government no longer supports the welfare of everyone, then it must be replaced, and it is the moral duty of society to rebel. According to Locke, if there is the right government, both individuals and society can prosper not only materially, but also spiritually. The government must provide freedom that is in line with the selfish laws of nature created by God. Although published later in his life, when Locke returned to England after exile, the two frameworks of government were written at a time when the kingdom and parliament were in a political crisis. Locke believed that there might be a greater kind of government, and his political philosophy had a profound influence on western philosophy.