The Language Of Philosophy

THE LANGUAGE OF PHILOSOPHY Towards the end of the nineteenth century, when theories in logic began to rise and philosophy of thought began to change drastically from earlier stories, a revolution in the understanding of language occurred. This event is referred to as a "language change". Philosophers began to focus on the meaning of language, the use of language, the cognition of language, and how language and reality relate to each other. Composition of a sentence AND LEARNING The philosophy of language seeks to understand how to interpret from the parts that make up a sentence. To understand the meaning of language, the relationship between sentences and passages needs to be examined first. According to the principle of composition, a sentence can be understood based on understanding the structure (syntax) and meaning of the words. There are two acceptable methods of understanding how meaning appears in a sentence: Picture page 131 Syntactic trees focus on the grammar and words that make up the sentence, while semantic trees focus on the meanings of words and combinations of those meanings. When it comes to learning a language, there are three main thoughts: 1. Innatism : the idea that some syntactic device is embedded in the mind and is based on certain parts of the mind. 2. Behaviour conditioning : the idea that a myriad of languages are learned through 3. Hypothesis test : the idea that children learn syntactio to govern through hypotheses and test hypotheses. MEANING OF ORIGIN The "turn of linguistics" occurred in the mid-19th century, when language began to be seen as a focal point in replying to real, understanding beliefs, and philosophers began to place emphasis on the meaning of language. John Stuart Mill In his work on empiricism, John Stuart Mill examines the meaning of words in relation to objects. They refer to. Mill argued that for words to be meaningful, one must be able to explain them based on "experience". Therefore, words symbolize the impression formed by the senses. Although Somne disagreed with Mill's empiricist viewpoint, many philosophers agreed with Mill's belief that hatred should be the basis of meaning, not connotation. Philosophical definition Denotation: when the te definition of a word is the literal meaning of what it describes. For exanple, use the word snake to describe a reptile that this word is actually affiliated with. Connotation: when the definition of a word acquires a property or attribute. For example, using the word snake to mean "evil." John Locke According to John Locke, words do not refer to outward things; Rather, they describe the ideas in the mind of the person who speaks them. While these ideas were thought to later represent things, Locke believed that the succinct representation did not affect the meaning of the word. With that in mind, Locke began to get rid of the natural weakness of language that came naturally. He suggested that people do not use words without having a clear idea of what they mean; People should try to identify the meaning of the same words that others use in order to have the same vocabulary; People should be consistent in their use of words; And if the meaning of a word is unclear, one should define it more clearly. Gottiob Frege The work of the German philosopher and mathematician Gottlob Frege focused primarily on logic. However, as his investigation into logic becomes more in-depth, Frege realizes that, in order to continue pursuing his work, he first needs to understand language. In doing so, he created some of the most innovative works in the philosophy of language. Frege questioned the identity, name, and expression a=b. For example, Mark Twain is Samuel Clemens. However, if b is informative, how can a= a be considered trivial and does not provide new information? Frege believed that it was not just the object that was relevant to the meaning of the sentence, but how the object was presented. The word refers to things in the external world, the name has more meaning than just referring to things. Frege separates sentences and expressions into two parts: meaning and reference (or meaning). Frege considers a sentence to be an objective, universal, and abstract expression, as well as an expression and "way of presentation" of the object to which it is referred. A reference, or the meaning of a sentence, is an object in the real world that the sentence refers to. The reference indicates the value of truth (whether something is right or wrong) and is determined by the senses. Frege expresses this theory as a triangle: Picture page 134 The intersection a and b is the same as the intersection b and row c. Therefore, this statement is informative because we are presented in two different ways of presentation. To say that the intersection of lines a and b is the same as the intersection of lines a and b presents only one way of presentation, and until now it has been trivial. Frege con ludes that there are three parts to, the name (although all three are not necessarily necessary in every case): 1. Sign: the word or words used (for example, Mark Twain). 2. Sense: a way to know what sigr means (e.g., the psychological implications we have for Mark twain—he is a humorist; He is the author of Tom Sawyer; etc.) 3. Reference: the object that is actually being referenced (for example, Mark Twain is Samuel Clemens, who is also the author of Tom Sawyer). Use of Language Interest is another important topic with respect to language medicine. Intent is defined as a specific mental state directed towards objects or things in the real world. Intention is not about one's intention to do something or not, but rather, the ability of our mind to do something. For the plea exam you can believe about roller coasters but the roller coaster itself cannot mean anything. Therefore, mental states such as fear, hope, and desire must be intentional because there must be an object that is being referred. The 19th-century German philosopher Franz Brentano argued that only mental phenomena can show good faith. Later. Twentieth-century philosopher John Searle questioned how mind and language have the ability to impose an intention on objects when they are unintentional by themselves. In his theory of the story of speech, Searle concludes that actions also have good faith, because language is a form of human behavior and action itself. Therefore, by saying something, one actually performs an action, and with the same intention is present in an action. In a controversial discussion of artificial intelligence, Searle argued that machines will never have the ability to think. Searle stated that machines have no good intentions and that only organized minds, such as human humans, are capable of doing good intentions.